Capitalism: A Love Story Essay

In class Ms. Crosdale sat us down to watch a documentary by the great Michael Moore â€Å"Capitalism: A Love Story.† To be quite honestly at first I wasn’t very interested in it until I started to hear little things like people losing their jobs and companies taking out life insurance on their employees unknowingly. I took it upon myself to go home and catch the rest of it on Netflix. After two hours of seeing the evil of capitalism or, as Michael Moore puts it, â€Å"legal greed,† I see myself looking at the world and our government in a different light. I have volunteered plenty of times before in shelters and have heard stories of capitalism taking toll over people’s life and leaving left with absolutely nothing. I also view everyday the mad rush of those who have been captured up in the rat competition for more here in the investment of the capitalist world. One man said in the movie that Wall Street is a â€Å"holy place,† and also implied that capitalism, each person making as much cash as he can, is God-given. Other comments in the movie regarded to capitalism as â€Å"evil.† Who is right? One interesting point that came to mind while watching the documentary was was it was said following Ronald Reagan years where the policies of Don Regan â€Å"turned the bull loose† for free enterprises, corporations gained more political power, unions were weakened, and socioeconomic gaps were widened. Then after it cuts in to speak about coverage of â€Å"dead peasant insurance† policies, where companies such as Wal-Mart have insurance against losses caused when workers or suppliers die. The employee is usually unaware of the policy, and the fact that the company stands to benefit if s/he dies. Apparently the practice of taking out life insurance on valuable, high level employees started a number of years ago. This seemed to make some sense, since a company stood to lose money from the untimely deaths of key personnel. But somehow, in recent years, facilitated by deregulation, this practice morphed into taking out policies on low- paid, easily replaced workers, i.e., peasants. Why? Windfall profits. It turns out that companies like Bank of America, WalMart, AT&T, Procter & Gamble, Dow Chemical, and others have found a way to make windfall profits off the deaths of employees! These dead peasant policies are also known to insiders as E. COLI â€Å"Employee Company Owned Life Insurance.† Funny? More like outrageous! Sometimes the company even gets the huge pay out when a former employee dies, because leaving the company doesn’t void the policy. The movie shows a parody of what would occur if God was a capitalist who desired to â€Å"maximize earnings,† â€Å"deregulate the financial market,† and desired the sick to â€Å"pay out of pocket† for their â€Å"pre-existing condition† , in comparison with several information commentators who announce the achievements of various capitalist businesses as being a â€Å"blessing from God.† The dictionary defines capitalism as â€Å"an economic system characterized by private or corporate ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly by competition in a free market.† While the Bible doesn’t mention capitalism by name, it does speak a great deal about economic issues. In my opinion, every thinking U.S. citizen should see this movie and take time out to think about the country that we are living in. Why? Very simply, because it will prick your conscience. On one level, it’s classic Moore, with indirect and subliminal humor, mockery (especially toward self-important people), understated exaggeration, and the clever use of people’s own words to incriminate themselves. But in over all, every point Moore makes is painfully true, and in this film more than in his previous ones, you feel the heart of a man who has compassion for the demoralized.

4 Paragraphs Essay

-My room is in a mess because I had a party with my best friends last night. I have to clean my room before my mom arrives from work. The underwear is hanging on the lamp, my books are all jammed in the closet, the scarf is beneath the TV and my shoe is under the bed. -We have the best cafeteria, they offer different type of foods, the food menu is so big it consists of Arabian, Indian, American, Mexican and Chinese food. They have a special Indian dish called â€Å"Chicken Tekka Masala† its a dish of roasted chicken chunks in a spicy sauce. Breakfast Burritos is a special Mexican food that contains Eggs, bacon, salsa, sour cream and cheddar cheese wrapped in a flour tortilla, hot sauce is optional. My favorite dish in the cafeteria menu is Shawarma, it’s an Arabian food made with chicken and bread. See more: Distinguish between problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping Essay -David is a dangerous driver, I hate the way he drives the car, he either drive too slow or too fast. One day we were in the Himalayan mountains, he was behind the steering driving uphill, he was driving so fast we almost fell of the cliff. The way he brakes the car is so scary, it reminds me of how my grandmother drives. Neighbors are so important if they are willing to help you in time of need. My favorite neighbor is Mrs. Shirley , I remember the day when the government cut off our water, she was the first one there to help us, she even offered us to stay at her place. She is so generous and I like the way she hosts me.

OOAD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

OOAD - Essay Example This new booking system will provide facility to computerize the record of the booking of customers into function (event) rooms or bedrooms; and ensures that a room is made available for further bookings as soon as it is vacated. This new system will be implemented to provide the reception more enhanced services. Through this overall customer services will improve that is the main aim in any business. This system will be based on the centralized databases system that will be used to record and manage daily working and management. This system will present a more enhanced working and handling of the overall booking and reservation of the hotel rooms and halls. This system will comprise the client and admin levels. The client system will run at reception to provide the receptionist help regarding the dealing and customer management. This level of the system will allow to reserve, relies, pay and check the overall room’s status and activities. The level will also generate customer slip for the payment. The admin level of the system will be handled by the administration. This level will be used to access the daily working, room’s status and profit. Here management will also be able to draw the daily monthly or any periodic reports. In this section I will present the main use cases of this system. This way of system design will provide a better overview of the system activates and responses. I have used smart draw for the drawing of this uses cases diagram. This section is about the analysis of the use-case model that drives other models in object-oriented analysis and design. The object-oriented technique with Unified Modeling Language is initiated by the system stakeholders as well as the working actions those are required. To demonstrate the on the whole behavior we build up use case model. This way of system modeling presents the indispensable circumstances in which user uses and interacts with the system and generate important

Management Organisational Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management Organisational Behaviour - Essay Example Complementary skills in team members are necessary for it to be able to function effectively and produce results. In case a team starts out with all of its members having only one skill set, and they need some more to be able to produce results, it would either need to induct more persons with the required skills, or its members would have to acquire the skills themselves, if they have to continue as a unit of any significance. The members of a team would have a common purpose or vision, articulated performance goals, and an accepted way of doing work in order to reach those goals. They would also hold themselves "mutually accountable" for what the team did or did not achieve. If I achieved something as part of the team, I would be willing to share the credit with the others; if someone in there made a boo-boo, I'd be willing to take the flak as well. Does the above definition of a team - a text-book one actually fit the real world It should, since the definition itself, we must remember, is also derived from observing that real world. However, as work conditions and situations get more diverse and complex, our definitions and understanding of how teams work must evolve from the simplistic to include complex aspects of their functioning. Teams can be extremely powerful when they work well. Of this there can be no doubt. ... Apart from the simple arithmetic of two plus two making four, in the case of a team operating well, the two plus two could make five or seven or even ten. 'Synergy' (from the Greek word 'synergos' or working together) happens when the combined effect of two or more persons working together is more than an aggregation of the individual members' efforts. It is interesting to reflect that Adam Smith, the originator of the science of Economics, was in fact referring to this synergistic effect of increase in production, when he stated that division of labor (the process of production being divided into many parts, with each part being performed by a different person) resulted in a higher output. Smith's model, which did not even consider it necessary that the worker be happy, still produced a higher output. Such is the power of synergy. (Hines 1996, para 3 ) However, synergy can go terribly wrong too, and work negatively. Negative synergy can undo all the benefits that possibly accrue from working as a team. To understand this better, let's take the analogy of a person working by himself and another with a computer. The computer's output can be a hundred times more than that of the person working unaided. But let a computer make an error - it would probably take hundreds of persons working hundreds of hours to make the kind of error that a computer could make in a nano-second! And synergy is just that. When working positively, it produces much more than disparate individuals can; negatively it destroys quicker and faster than an aggregation of individuals working separately. A real life example of the operation of negative synergy has been mentioned by Ghoshal, Piramal and Bartlett in the working of

Bacholer of education (birth-5) organisations commuities and Essay

Bacholer of education (birth-5) organisations commuities and communication-literature review - Essay Example a as a whole, closely looking at its road networks and reasons for road congestion before delving into ways to avoid cause of accidents by children including the use of restraints. The capital of the Greater Western Sydney, Parramatta is considered as the region’s business services centre and is undoubtedly quite busy. According to the most recent census conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2006) the city had a population of 18,448 people. It is therefore inevitable that, just like every other busy city in the world, Parramatta is cumbered with the problem of traffic congestion. People in Parramatta use various forms of transport including; road, rail and water. Road remains the busiest as people cycle while others walk with others travelling by bus. As a result of this exceeding congestion, Parramatta has the slowest commuter times as well as the highest levels of city pollution, eventually affecting family life and the economy as a whole. The particular areas of weakness that greatly accelerate congestion include a shortage of entry points into the city, nine major choke points at the converging points of west-east roads, few full length west east arterial roads (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2002). Round abouts are also fairly common in the city hence is another cause of congestion. In general, Sydney’s inner west suburbs are well known for having the worst traffic congestion and Parramatta is one of them. Although accidents are less common, the city is also home to many families hence it is dangerous for children. Currently, Parramatta is going through a development program that will focus mainly on transport within the area to encourage economic growth. Traffic management on all roads in New South Wales, of which Parramatta is part of, is managed by the Roads & Traffic Authority (RTA) but the body delegates its duties to City Council of Parramatta to regulate transport locally. The city council resurfaces roads,

Midterm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 8

Midterm - Essay Example hy of Islamic was a continuous operation that was started by the Roman and Greek scholarship that was considered lost and found by Christian in Europe. They added their already have knowledge in Al-Idrisi, Ibn-Batuta, and Ibn-Khaldun. The various collections and translations the Islamic scholars have, provided the knowledge to the rest of the world. Judgments that involve geographical matters have various disciplinary perspectives. Economically, the oil sands contributed greatly over the economy of Canada over the next ten years. Politically, the Alberta government portrays more political capability in handling difficult instance raised by oil sands. Legally, it is unconstitutional for sovereign nation to impose regulations and guidelines on the producers of oil sands. Environmentally, the pollution generated from the production of oil sand is a disaster for the domestic environment. Ethically, the domestic residents are treated fairly by multinational organizations that work on the project. Additionally, the judgment can be derived from perspectives of various regions like western Canada, northern Alberta, United States and Middle East. The assessment can be positive from a single point of view and undesirable from another angle. For instance, coming up with Alberta sands appear to be desirable economically, but undesirable en vironmentally. a) Political geography is a section of geography, that integrated the geographical and political platform in a single platform. Addtionally, it deas with geography that highlights the political framework of a nation. Political geography entails studying politics connected to factors like states and territories. Enclave is a situation where by a single nation exists in another nation. The perfect example of an enclave is UAE and Oman. Exclave is a section of a nation located distantly from the nation or in another nation. A perfect example for an exclave is Alaska and Oman. d) Human geography can be explained as the number

Essay/story Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

/story - Essay Example She was already in Turkey, where she was now waiting for her mother Rose and her step-father Mustapha (Shafak 2007). She had the entire plan in her mind, coded and programmed, where she knew exactly how to target the enemies. One by one, she would take down each and everyone after which her Armenian blood would be satiated. Only after seeking revenge would she be able to return to America, and start a new life with little regrets and massive satisfaction. After having confirmed that Asya was indeed Zeliha`s daughter via a DNA test she had conducted before, she now had a leverage over Zeliha. She dug deeper to find out who the father of Asya was since she had her apprehensions when she sensed the discomfort in Zeliha`s eyes over the subject. She found rather odd that a bold audacious woman like Zeliha would abstain from accepting Asya as her own daughter, and more so as to keep Asya in the dark over who her father was. To dig deeper, Armanoush went ahead to investigate about all the past affairs Zeliha was having by the time she had conceived Asya. She had to find out who Asya`s father was, to further aggrandize the leverage over the situation which she had planned on exploiting later. Also, she was well aware of Mustsapha`s hesitation over visitng Turkey. In all these years, how come Mustapha never even thought of visiting his family, the Kazancis (Shafak 2007). She knew something was wrong, and she was determined to find out. Her instincts were telling her to plot a confrontation between Mustapha and aunt Zeliha, and she was sure something would pop, since Zeliha felt so uncomfortable with the idea of Mustapha visiting. Thus, that night, while her parents would arrive, she had planned out an episode to ensure a direct confrontation between Zeliha and Mustapha. Armanoush and Asya, along with Aunt Banu were leaving the doorway while aunty Zeliha came after them, perplexed and anguished at the same time. ‘Asya, come back here you.

Strategies of Noki Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategies of Noki Company - Case Study Example It is evidently clear from the discussion that Noki Company is offering mobile phones, smartphones, mobile computers and networks to customers worldwide. In the light of technological changes brought about by modernization, research and development, this study will attempt to find out how Noki Company deals with the macro environment changes that affect its business. Part 1 of the study presents a PESTLE analysis, Part 2 is a SWOT analysis and Part 3 is the conclusion. Before the1980s, the telecom industry operated under a monopolistic environment, but for different political-economic reasons. US, Japan, and the UK ended this era of monopoly and allowed new players in the industry. Radical changes have been instituted since then, and liberalization has invited several telecom companies to participate in the telecom industry. The government of Finland has been supportive of technological changes. In the 1980s it has veered away with agricultural products and took the position to be on e of the leaders in the technology field. Thus, during this period Nokia has established a strong alliance with the government and has now be converted into the number one corporation in Finland. IT has turned out to be the third source of revenue for the country. The mobile phones introduced by Nokia developed to be an important tool in connecting people together around the world. Noki Company has three main core businesses, the Nokia Mobile Phones, Nokia Networks and Nokia Ventures. Noki Company is considered a very important employer; likewise, it also plays a vital role in the financial system in Finland financial market. It is a publicly traded company listed in NYSE, Helsinki and Frankfurt. The company has established branches in 120 countries worldwide employing 128,445 personnel. In 2009, Noki has an operating profit margin of 5.0 % a market share of 37% and has increased the country’s GDP.  

Telephone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Telephone - Essay Example Today, many people benefit from the said device, making communication easier especially for families who need to be away from each other. The invention of the telephone made correspondences a lot easier because people from far distances are able to speak with each other. They can connect in a matter of seconds. Moreover, since telephone conversations are paid, they can last for a short period of time which is an advantage to busy people. However, correspondents can misunderstand or misinterpret what are being said because they cannot see the facial expressions of the person on the other end. They rely on the words being uttered as well as the tone and volume of the voice to further understand the spoken languages therefore there can be strains that occur between callers based from the factors mentioned earlier. In addition, assuming that one has the full attention of the person on the other end can also lead to misunderstandings. Moreover, calls can be made at inconvenient moments without the caller realizing it. This makes the process more difficult especially when the person being called is busy or has other more pr essing matters to attend to that a call needs to be immaturely ended

Movie and a media article comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Movie and a media article comparison - Essay Example She is not educated and does not speak any language except Bengali l and lived a poor life. As the movie proceeds the Nazneen have lived 16 yrs with her husband in London city and is also shown to have two daughters. She is now a woman who speaks English, and is a housewife in London city. However, her mind and soul is still in her village, remembering her loving sister with whom she had spent her childhood in joy. Life has changed for Nazeen but her emotions are numb because she is married to a person, she does not love. As a young woman, her passions are still unquenched and are living a life of frustration. Her love life with her husband is bland and she has no emotional connection with him. While comparing to her young age, she is much silent, unhappy and nostalgic. She lives in her childhood, even after leaving the village at a young age. The only best time in her life is one which she has spent in the village and she is holding on to it to give her happiness and joy. As days pa ss by she gets acquainted with the clothing worker Karim. She buys a sewing machine and starts stitching clothes and tries to become engaged in some productive work. In due course, she romantically gets involved with Karim and this gives her a new life. Every day she waits for him and they spent some lovable movements at her home and ultimately physically get involved. After getting intimate with Karim, a new energy sparks in Nazneen and she perceives life in a different way. She discovers herself after coming in contact with the handsome and young Karim. Nazneen become more lively, energetic and even her family notices the positive change in her. As they love prosper, her husband comes to know about her liaison with Karim and sarcastically threaten her. At the same time , event of 9/11 strikes America and the Muslim community experiences a threatened environment in London. Upon this news, Nazneen’s husband decides to leave London and go back to Bangladesh. But towards the en d of the movie, Nazneen transforms to a strong- willed, bold woman who has ideas and principles of her own. She confesses to her husband she wants to liven in London and stays back there with her children as an independent woman. The article â€Å"Geographies of Inclusion/Exclusion: British Muslim Women in the East End of London† by Halima Begum throws light upon the life of Bangladeshi women and their gender identity in context to Islam community in East London. The article talks about the life of Bangladeshi women in London who come from rural areas of Bangladesh. These women get caught in the atmosphere of cosmopolitan cities and suffer identity crisis. In the article author writes that† The promise of inclusion for young, working-class Muslim Bangladeshi women remains an unfulfilled project in contemporary Britain†. This could be related to the scene in which Nazneen looks at the sewing machine and feel helpless in buying it. It shows the kind of atmosphere in which Bangladeshi women live where they have no right to get employed and contribute to the society. According to Begum â€Å"For many young British Bangladeshis, Islam in the United Kingdom is more about bringing the ‘modern’ back from Bangladesh into East London’s communities†. This could be associated with the scene where Karim persuades Nazneen to stay back in London as an attempt to make her modern and independent.Karim being a person born and brought up in London is also religious man. He

The Energy from a Nuclear Weapon Essay Example for Free

The Energy from a Nuclear Weapon Essay We have been living in the nuelear age now for over half a century. Since the first atomic bombs were developed, nuclear technology has provided governments with the ability to totally destroy the planet. Yet the technology has been put to positive use as an energy source and in certain areas of medicine. To what extent is nuclear technology a danger to life on Earth? What are the benefits and risks associated with its use? These days, many people are afraid of nuclear technology because of the dangers associated with its use. In my opinion, although it is true that nuclear weapons pose the greatest threat to life, the use of nuclear technology for peaceful purposes also carries some serious risks. Nuclear power stations provide an important source of cheap power for many industrialised nations and some developing countries. However, there is always the danger of radiation leaking from these plants. Even though safety precautions are taken, there have been numerous disasters such as the explosion of a nuclear plant in Russia not long ago. Nuclear technology is even used to help cure some diseases such as cancer. Radiation can be applied to the body to burn away cancerous cells. This is, however, a dangerous procedure, and the application of radiation is almost always painful and not always successful. The most worrying aspect of nuclear technology, though, is its use for military purposes. Enough atomic bombs have already been built to completely destroy the planet, and the real danger is that one day some country will start a war with these weapons. Too many countries now have the technology required to make such bombs, and there is currently much debate about how to control the situation. In conclusion, nuclear technology certainly has positive uses, but is, nonetheless, dangerous. However, it would have been better if it had never been used to create nuclear weapons. If life on Earth is to continue.

Impact Of Using Flash Cards English Language Essay

Impact Of Using Flash Cards English Language Essay Vocabulary as the essence of a language is one of main tools for language learning, and has been the object of many studies. In fact, the vocabulary learning is considered as the heart of language learning and main component of language teaching (Laufer, 1997).In the past, the vocabulary was given little priority in the literature of English language learning and teaching, and received only incidental attention in textbooks (Hedge, 2008; Richards Renandya, 2002). This may refer to the assumption that expressed the lexical instruction is not necessarybecause it can be occurred by itself (Moir nation, 2008). Therefore, this assumption made the vocabulary teaching no popular on that time (Nation, 1990). Several studies have recently discussed about lexical problem of language learners. For example, communication is generally associated with the lexical problems because it breaks down when people do not know the right words to use (Allen, 1983; Bowen, 1985). Nowadays, it is more accepted that vocabulary plays an important role in a language learning and teaching. For example, Griffiths (2003, 2006) showed the importance of vocabulary teaching to the language learners has been acknowledged. Hence, there is an increasing interest in the vocabulary learning as main part of every language learning and teaching. Although there is a number of studies on the field of vocabulary learning (Folse, 2004; Hunt Beglar, 2005), but its most effective means is still unclear (de Groot, 2006). For vocabulary learning, one way is finding the means of words in the dictionary and adding them in ones vocabularies. Another way is using vocabulary card or flash card that is faster process than the previous way to increase word power. The flash cards can be studies almost anywhere and anytime, especially when one has a free time, even very short (Brown, 2000). In addition, they can be arranged as logical groups of the target words (Cohen, 1990; Gairns Redman, 1990).Some studies reported that language learners could more effectively improve their vocabulary by using the flash cards instead of word lists (MondriaMondria-de Vries, 1994; Schmitt Schmitt, 1995). In the history of language teaching, the flash cards have been used for many purposes such as (1) to improve word recognition ability of students who are poor in reading skill (Culyer, 1988); (2) to practice vocabulary development of student during their foreign language learning (Ervin, 1988);(3) to teach English as second l anguage (Hart, 1982); (4) for teaching structure of sentences, articles, propositions, and tenses (Palka, 1988), and; (5) to improve the reading and comprehension speed (Tan Nicholson, 1997). Ehri and Roberts (1979) compared language learning ability of first graders based on printed words in context and in isolation. Their results indicated children with flashcard-training base learned more about the orthographic form of words, while the context-trained children learned more about the word semantic identities.Cuvo and Klatt (1992) evaluated the impacts of three instructional conditions: 1) teaching sight words by using flash cards; 2) community-referenced sight words, and 3) teaching the phrases with a videotape setting and sight words with the natural symbols in community to youths with moderate mental retardation. The results represented that learning and recognition of the community-referenced sight words was very fast in all three conditions, while a generalization from the flashcard and videotape conditions occurred to the community sites. These results confirmed the positive effects ofusing flash cards for learning a language; even some studies have reported that t he flash cardsshould be used as a tool for creating fun in classrooms (Nicholson, 1998). Report byDin and Wienke(2001) showed using flash card is an effective approach in learning and training of chemistry vocabulary and study for high school teachers and students. In addition, study about effects of using flash card and word list approaches on language learning ability of EFL student (Learning of foreign language vocabulary) determined no significant difference in the effectiveness of both methods Baleghizadeh and Ashoori (2011). The literature review indicates that efficiency of using flash cards method in the vocabulary learning and teaching process is limited, and needs to be re-evaluated. Review of literature Acquisition of vocabulary is one of the most challenging parts for language learning. In order to solve the problem of forgetting learnt words by language learners through the time, teachers can attempt to use learning devices into their classes. Thus, this study would like to present a newvocabulary learning tool that called Vocabulary Flash Card (VFC). Many researchers agree that curriculum designers and EFL educators will feel that their responsibility in language learning and teaching is more sensitive after knowing there are individual differences in learning process.Furthermore, it will help them to fit teaching and learning in order to develop studentsEFL learning potentials, and to support students to become familiar with the approaches they can learn most effectively. In addition, it canassist to the students forcreating and developingother techniques and tools which can motivate language learners more than before. Better understanding on studentsopinions about the vocabular y learning process and using techniques enables teachers to design and provide suitable materials and activities for improving the students vocabulary learning and lexical competence. Problems resulted from lack of vocabulary knowledge may be the main barriers to successful language learning. Therefore, finding solutions for these problems may greatly help both language students and teachers. To prepare guidelines for solving vocabulary acquisition problems, the first step is to discover those problems and identify their nature. Hence, this study by revealing main problems of vocabulary learning and give solutions to them helps English teachers, students, curriculum designers, and may be parents to change their using strategies for English language learning to the new and more applicable ones such as Vocabulary Flash Card (VFC) using. Flashcard is a card, one side of card includes new vocabulary and the other side includes translation or synonym. According to EslahkarKomachali and Khodareza (2012) flashcard for EFL teaching or self-study has been useful tool for teachers and learners.Nation (2001) describes this strategy in learning vocabulary in another language that a learner writes foreign word on one side of a small card, and its translation of the first language on the other. The learner goes through a set of cards and tries to recall its meaning.as Tan and Nicholson (1997) stated flashcards have been used to improve both comprehension and reading speed.Some researchers have criticized using flashcard for stressing memorization over comprehension and others have argued that they should be used as a devise to create fun classrooms (Nicholson, 1998). In the past more teachersemphasized on the grammar, they pay less attention on the learning vocabulary. While grammar translation approach to the teaching of language provided a balanced diet of grammar and vocabulary, audiolinguisticssuggested that emphasis should be strongly on the acquisition of the grammar patterns of the language (Shakouri and Mehrgan, 2012).It was believed that if learners were able to internalize these basic patterns, their large vocabulary building comes later (Nunan, 1991). There are some reasons and factors about why teachers neglected vocabulary in the past.During the period 1940-1979,Allen (1983) outlined two reasons: (1) it has emphasize too much in language classroom during the years before that time, and people considered it as the only key to language learning, and; (2) the meaning of words couldnot adequately be thought, so it is better not to try to teach them. Results from Zimmerman (1997) would also lead us to think that most second language learners have traditionally been through by methods gave minimal attention to vocabulary, so it seems reasonable to expect most teachers will continue to neglect vocabulary language, whether it is because of the methods by which they have learn the methods by which they are learning. Conclusions Researchers are always trying to find appropriate ways to facilitate learning vocabulary. Learning vocabulary is different in different situations and levels. Using flash cards comes from anaudio-lingualmethod. Teachers pay less attention to using flashcard in teaching and methodology. This article tries to determine the effect of using flashcard on promoting students knowledge of vocabulary,according to shakoori and mehrgan (2012) using flashcard is not effective in learning abstract words. For teaching abstract words it is better to create context, whileusing flashcard enhances learning vocabulary. Both students participations in classroom activities and performances on vocabulary test have been significantly increased after using flashcard. This study indicates there was different between using flashcard and traditional teaching method. They believed that using flashcard is much better than traditional method according to four reasons.(Mondriya and mondria-de vries, 1994; nalcata; schmith and achmitt, 1995) . First new words can be easily practiced extensively with flashcard. Learners can separate cards into several categories based on their difficulty level. It helps them to review the new words. Second, working with flashcard increases vocabulary retrieval. Since learners are presented with a second language word and its definition on the other side of the card, they can easily practice new words and recall their meanings in as much as the words appear on two different sides of the card. Third learning words through traditional method, because some words may receive less attention than others because of the particular positions in the class. Nevertheless, there is not such a problem in learning with flashcard since th ey tend to be more flexible.

Foreign Exchange Risk Management Analysis

Foreign Exchange Risk Management Analysis Chapter 1 Introduction This chapter will introduce the reader to the subject at hand and why the chosen research area is of interest and relevance for further development. Finally, the chapter includes a problem discussion, which in turn ends up in the research purpose of the thesis. 1.1 Background of the Study The deepening of globalization process has led to an increase in foreign exchange transactions in international financial markets. This has determined a higher volatility of exchange rates, and, implicitly, an increased foreign exchange risk. There are many types of risks, but only few of them can bring losses as large as foreign exchange risk. In these conditions, the development of new modern and effective methods for managing foreign exchange risk becomes a great necessity for the players in international financial activity. Foreign exchange risk management is crucial for companies frequently trading in the international market. Empirical research shows that profits of multinational companies are affected by volatile floating foreign exchange rates. Nevertheless, small firms trading exclusively on their domestic markets also become increasingly exposed to foreign currency fluctuations. Actually, small firms depend on the volatility of the main currencies because many of them out-source their production to foreign countries. This means that they incur costs in a foreign currency (wages, taxes, material, etc.) and they also need to manage this exposure. Other small firms are exposed indirectly given that their strategic position can be affected by volatile FX rates. By definition, all entrepreneurial activities incur risks, and coping with risk has therefore always been an important managerial function. In recent years, however, risk management has received increasing attention in both corporate practice and the literature. This is particularly true for the management of financial risks, i.e. the management of foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk and other financial market risks. A major reason for this is the development of markets for derivative financial instruments. Forward contracts, futures, options, swaps and other, more complex financial instruments today allow firms to transfer risks to other economic agents who are better able, or more willing, to bear them. In 1971, the Bretton Woods system of administering fixed foreign exchange rates was abolished in favour of market-determination of foreign exchange rates; a regime of fluctuating exchange rates was introduced. Besides market-determined fluctuations, there was a lot of volatility in other markets around the world owing to increased inflation and the oil shock. Corporates struggled to cope with the uncertainty in profits, cash flows and future costs. It was then that financial derivatives foreign currency, interest rate, and commodity derivatives emerged as means of managing risks facing corporations. The interest in the potential vulnerability of multinational firms to foreign exchange rate risk is heightened by the wide currency fluctuations experienced during the last few decades and this issue has engendered a considerable amount of research (Muller, A., Verschoor, W.F.C. 2006). In India, exchange rates were deregulated and were allowed to be determined by markets in 1993. The economic liberalization of the early nineties facilitated the introduction of derivatives based on interest rates and foreign exchange. However derivative use is still a highly regulated area due to the partial convertibility of the rupee. Currently forwards, swaps and options are available in India and the use of foreign currency derivatives is permitted for hedging purposes only (Giddy et.al. 1992). 1.2 Problem Statement Transaction exposure to foreign exchange risk results from the effect of (unanticipated) changes in the spot exchange rate on the base currency value of foreign currency cash flows (contractual payables and receivables). Financial hedging of transaction exposure is implemented by taking an opposite position (to the spot position) on a currency derivate (such as forwards, futures and options) or by using money market hedging. In some cases, however, financial hedging may not be possible or it may be too expensive. For example, forwards, futures, and options may not be available for some currencies or for long maturities, and it may not be possible to obtain credit lines in certain currencies (which precludes money market hedging). This observation is particularly valid for countries where financial markets are rudimentary. If a firm facing (transaction) exposure to foreign exchange risk cannot indulge in financial hedging, it may resort to the operational hedging techniques of risk sharing and currency collars, which can be implemented by using customised hedge contracts embedded in the underlying trade contracts. Under a risk sharing arrangement, the benefits accruing to one party of a transaction as a result of a favourable change in the exchange rate (which is necessarily an unfavourable change for the other party) are shared by the two parties. A currency collar, on the other hand, is used to set a minimum value for the base currency value of cash flows at the expense of setting a maximum value. Thus, it involves a trade-off between potential loss and potential gain. The unpredictability of forex market may erode or even eliminate the profit margin built into an international sale at the time the sale was carried out, when selling on terms of weeks and even months. Foreign exchange rate keeps on fluctuating and they depend upon the market forces of demand and supply (Platt, G. 2007). Hedging refers to managing risk to an extent that makes it bearable. In international trade and dealings foreign exchange play an important role. Fluctuations in the foreign exchange rate can have significant impact on business decisions and outcomes. Many international trade and business dealings are shelved or become unworthy due to significant exchange rate risk embedded in them. Historically, the foremost instrument used for exchange rate risk management is the forward contract. Forward contracts are customized agreements between two parties to fix the exchange rate for a future transaction. This simple arrangement would easily eliminate exchange rate risk, but it has some shortcomings, particularly getting a counter party who would agree to fix the future rate for the amount and time period in question may not be easy. In India many businesses are not even aware that some banks do provide forward rate arrangements as a service to their customers. By entering into a forward rate agreement with a bank, the businessman simply transfers the risk to the bank, which will now have to bear this risk. Of course the bank in turn may have to do some kind of arrangement to manage this risk. Forward contracts are somewhat less familiar, probably because there exists no formal trading facilities, building or even regulating body. 1.3 Research Objectives and Questions There is a need to identify, quantify, and evaluate a firms risk exposure and to choose appropriate procurement strategies. The general objective of this study is to incorporate procurement and marketing decisions into a single hedging model, considering risk factors typically faced by firms in the textiles and garment industry. There are several reasons to explain why foreign risk management has gained in popularity over the last decades. The most important reason lies in the increased volatility of exchange rates, interest rates, and commodity prices, causing firms cash flows to become more uncertain. Secondly, firms tend to focus more on their core business, which makes them less diversified. As a consequence, the volatility of firms cash flows may increase. A third reason for the growing importance of foreign risk management can be found in the globalization of business activities, in which competition has increased and profit margins have declined. A final explanation we offer is the growing number of opportunities to manage risks. Based on the problem discussion our research objectives are formulated as follows: To review and critically analyse the practices adopt by the Indian exporters to hedge the forex risk. To evaluate the impact of foreign exchange risk on exporters and exports of a country like India To critically compile the issues faced by the Indian exporters in hedging foreign exchange risk. Based on the above stated research objectives the following research questions have been developed: RQ 1: How the export company determines foreign exchange risk? RQ 2: Which level the company can actively manage foreign exchange risk? RQ 3: How it can hedge the forex risk? RQ 4: What techniques are preferred by company in its forex risk management? 1.4 Relevance of Research Currently there is a scarcity of research papers about currency exposure management in companies in emerging markets. Theoretical studies like that of Copeland and Copeland (1999) are usually supported by the findings from developed countries (the USA, Canada, the UK). Therefore, the application of such studies might be complicated in developing markets. Researchers that analyze the foreign exposure management in companies often use large samples and questionnaires to evaluate the derivate use, and are successful in describing countries with well-developed markets. For emerging markets like India such quantitative approaches are extremely rare. Most often the situation with currency exposure management and application of derivatives by non-financial institutions is reflected in the newspapers. Yet, these articles are not academic papers and serve only as descriptions of the situation. Therefore, this study will be distinctive in several areas. First, it concentrates on India and will contribute to the increase in the number of academic studies about emerging markets. Second, it will contribute to the business community , as it will analyze the application of derivatives by exporting companies for hedging currency exposure and reveal the causes higher or lower popularity of derivatives. Third, it will apply the theoretical model which was developed based on the practice in developed countries, and test if the results from model application match the empirical findings in reality in India. 1.5 Outline of the Study This dissertation consists of five chapters (see Figure 1.1). In chapter one, a relative broad description is given in the beginning, providing the reader with a background and discussion of issues related to the problem area. This discussion lands in a specific research problem, which has been broken down into research questions. Chapter two gives a presentation of theories relevant for the research problem. Continuously, a description and justification of the methodological approaches chosen in this thesis is given in Chapter three. In chapter four the received empirical data is presented and contains an analysis of the collected data against the theory. Finally, conclusions and implications are presented in chapter five. Literature Review This chapter reviews the literature theory of foreign exchange risk management include the concepts of foreign exchange risks, its characteristics by different types, and hedge theory of foreign exchange risks. 2.1 Foreign exchange risk Whenever a company is running overseas business, the company is exposed to different categories of risk including commercial risk, financial risk, country risk and foreign exchange risk (Oxelheim 1984). Country Risk Foreign Exchange Risk Financial Risk Commercial Risk Figure2.1 The company risk Source: Oxelheim 1984, p14 Foreign exchange risk is commonly defined as the additional variability experienced by a multinational corporation in its worldwide consolidated earnings that results from unexpected currency fluctuations. It is generally understood that this considerable earnings variability can be eliminated-partially or fully-at a cost, the cost of Foreign Exchange Risk Management. (Jacques, 1981). According to Shapiro (2006), foreign exchange rate exposure can be defined as a measure of the potential changes in a firms profitability, net cash flow and market value because of a change in exchange rates. 2.2 The existing classifications of foreign exchange risks In the recent literature of foreign exchange exposure management, the types of exposures are usually summarized and simplified into three categories, translation, transaction, and economic ( Cowdell, 1993; Girnblatt and Titamn, 1998; Eitman et. al.,1998 and Shapiro, 2006). It is conventionally stated that the exposure to currency risk is categorized into three factors; seen below in figure 2.2. Figure 2.2 Types of currency risk exposure Source: Eun et al.,2007 Transaction Exposure The transaction exposure concept concentrates on contractual commitments which involve the actual conversion of currencies. A firms transaction exposure thus consists of its foreign currency accounts receivables and payables, its longer-term foreign currency investments and debt, as well as those of its foreign currency cash positions which are to be exchanged into other currencies. Until these positions are settled, their home currency value may be impaired by unfavorable parity changes. There exist four possibilities by which transaction exposure may arise (Eiteman 2007): When prices are stated in foreign currencies and the firm decides to purchase or sell goods or services. When borrowing or lending funds while contractual agreements on repayment are to be make in a foreign currency. When becoming a party to an unimplemented foreign exchange forward contract. When incurring liabilities or acquiring assets which are denominated in foreign currencies. The total transaction exposure consists of quotation exposure, backlog exposure and billing exposure, see figure 2.3: Figure 2.3 The life span of a transaction exposure Source: Eiteman et al., 2007 2.2.2 Economic Exposure The economic exposure, also called the operating exposure, measures any change in the present value of a company resulting from changes in future operating cash flows caused by unexpected changes in currency exchange rates. The analysis of economic exposure assesses the result of changing exchange rates on a companys own operations over coming months and years and on its competitive position in comparison with other companies. By measuring the effects on future cash flows related to economic exposure, the goal is to identify strategic moves or operating techniques that a company might wish to adopt in order to enhance its value in the face of unexpected exchange rate changes (Eiteman et al., 2007). Loderer and Pichler (2002) assert that firms often manage economic exposure by lending and borrowing in foreign currencies. He cites the following reasons for not hedging economic exposure: firms are unable to measure the size and the currency of future expected cash flows with much confidence, firms already hedge transaction exposure, firms consider that in the long term currency fluctuations offset each others. Surprisingly, the cost of hedging economic exposure is not an obstacle. 2.2.3 Translation exposure By consolidating its financial statements, a parent company with foreign operations must translate the assets and liabilities of its foreign subsidiaries, which are stated in a foreign currency, into the reporting currency of the parent firm. Basically, foreign subsidiaries must restate their local currency into the main reporting currency so the foreign values can be added to the parents reporting currency denominated balance sheet and income statement. The translation is usually used for measuring a subsidiarys performance(McInnes, 1971), providing accurate information for decision makers and investors (Ross, 1992; Bartov, 1995), and for both internal and external users (Sercu and Uppal, 1995). The common reason for translation from a foreign currency into the home currency is to meet the requirements of accounting regulations of home countries. External Hedging Methods As it is shown, the exposure to currency risk may involve current business transactions, future business transactions as well as financial statement translations. However, as there are factors or risk, so are there strategies for dealing with them. For companies, there are a number of external methods to use for the management of currency risk, namely the use of financial derivatives. The name derivative arises from the fact that the value of these instruments is derived from an underlying asset like a stock or a currency. By using these instruments it is possible to reduce the risks associated with the management of corporate cash flow, a method known as hedging. Financial market hedging instruments include (Butler, 2004): Fig 2.4: External Hedging Techniques 2.3.1 Foreign Exchange Forwards A foreign exchange forward is an agreement to buy or sell one currency at a certain future date for a certain price with a specific amount. It is the most common instrument used to hedge currency risk. The predetermined exchange rate is the forward exchange rate. The amount of the transaction, the transaction date, and the exchange rate are all determined in advance where the exchange rate is fixed on the day of the contract but the actual exchange takes place on a pre-determined date in the future. In major currencies, forward contracts can be available daily with maturities of up to 30, 90 or 180 days (Bodie Marcus 2008). A survey by Belk and Glaum (1990) indicates that the most common method used to hedge exchange rate risk is the forward contract. An empirical study of Pramborg (2002), also demonstrates that firms can be fully hedged with forward contracts. 2.3.2 Currency Futures In principle, a futures contract can be arranged for any product or commodity, including financial instruments and currencies. A currency futures contract is a commitment to deliver a specific amount of a specified currency at a specified date for an agreed price incorporated in the contract. The futures perform a similar function to a forward contract, but it has some major differences. Fig 2.5 Currency Futures The specific characteristics of currency futures include (Pike et.al., 1992): They are marketable instruments traded on organized futures markets. Futures can be completed (liquidated) before the contracted date, whereas a forward contract has to run to maturity. They are relatively inflexible, being available for only a limited range of currencies and for standardized maturity dates. The dealings occur in standard lot sizes, or contracts. They require a down-payment of margin of about 5 percent of the contract value, whereas forward contracts involve a single payment at maturity. Futures are usually cheaper than forwards contracts, requiring a small commission payment rather than a buy / sell spread. Table 2.1 provides a clearer summary of the major differences between forward and futures contracts. Table 2.1: Major Differences between Forward and Futures Contracts Forward Contracts Futures Contracts Customized contracts in terms of size and delivery dates Standardized contracts in terms of size and delivery dates Private contracts between two parties Standardized contracts between a customer and a clearing house Difficult to reverse a contract Contract may be freely traded on the market Profit and loss on a position is realized only on the delivery date All contracts are marked to market- the profit and loss are realized immediately. No explicit collateral, but standard bank relationship necessary Collateral (margins) must be maintained to reflect price movements Delivery or final cash settlement usually takes place. Contract is usually closed out prior to Maturity Source: Hull (2006), Moffett et al (2006) and Solnik and McLeavey (2004). 2.3.3 Currency options A foreign exchange option which is different from currency forward contracts and currency futures is to give the holder of the contract the right to buy or sell a certain amount of a certain currency at a predetermined price (also called strike or exercise price) until or on a specified date, but he is not obliged to do so. The seller of a currency option has obligation to perform the contract. The right to buy is a call; the right to sell, a put. There is option premium needed to pay by those who obtain such a right. The holder of a call option can benefit from a price increases (profit is the difference between the market price and the strike price plus the premium), while can choose not to excise when the price decreases (locked in loss of the option premium). Vice versa is for the holder of a put option. For the advantages of simplicity, flexibility, lower cost than the forward, and the predicted maximum losswhich is the premium, the currency option has become increasing popular as a hedging devise to protect firms against the exchange movements. Whenever there is uncertainty in the size of cash flows and the timing of cash flows, currency option contracts would be superior to traditional hedging instruments such as forward contracts and futures contracts. Grant and Marshall (1997) examined the extent of derivative use and the reasons for their use by carried out surveys in 250 large UK companies, found that a widespread use of both forwards and options(respectively 96% and 59%). The pointed that comparing to the primary reasons for the use of forwards were company policy, commercial reasons and risk aversion, a good understanding of instrument, and price were prominent while the primary reasons to use option for company management. 2.3.4 Currency Swaps Currency swaps are a hedging instrument for which two parties agree to swap a debt denominated in one currency for that in another currency. For example, an agreement between two firms to swap their debts of which one is denominated in Euro and that in US dollar (Leger and Fortin, 1994). In order to explain the use of currency of swaps, a Japanese firm that has exports to Australia is given as an example. The Japanese firm wants to protect its Australian-dollar receivables by using currency swap to match inflows in one currency with outflows in a foreign currency (natural hedging). Assuming the Japanese firm is not well recognized in the US financial markets, it may obtain funds from a domestic bank to swap with another firm that has dollar-denominated debt. This process is carried out by the swap dealers (usually banks) as an intermediary. The common objective of this type of transaction is that firms want to alter various future currency cash flows in its schedules into a particular currency for which its future revenues will be generated (Eiteman et.al 1998). The preference of particular currency is caused by several factors, such as, capital market segmentation, differences in regulation governing investment by institutional investors and asymmetry in the tax treatment of interest income and capital gains/losses (Jacque 1996). Although there are other types of swaps involving foreign currencies, such as, foreign currency forward swaps, plain vanilla, and a three-way back-to-back currency swap, they are designated primarily for hedging interest rate exposure. 2.4 Internal hedging methods For the reason that external hedging techniques with derivatives to manage foreign exchange exposure are often costly, many multinational firms would rather turn to consider using internal hedging devices such as Michael (2006): Currency matching, which involves pairing suitably a multinational firms foreign currency inflows and outflows with respect to amount and timing Currency netting, which involves the consolidated settlement of receivables, payables and debt among the subsidiaries of a multinational firm Invoicing in domestic currency, which reduces transaction risk primarily related to exports and imports. 2.5 Fundamental Philosophy behind Hedging We have presented that authors embrace hedging as insurance, and hedging as a value-enhancing tool. We believe the common view of hedging can be summarized as follows: Hedging is one of the three most fundamental reasons for the existence of the financial market, alongside speculative and arbitrage activities (JÃ ¼ttner, 2000). The hedging industry is evolving just like the rest of the business world. In fact, there is no definite set of tools or technique that can define hedging. As the world changes, new hedging mechanisms are derived; and as time passes, these mechanisms are refined and evolve into something new that can be better applied to the contemporary commercial marketplace (Batten et al, 1993; Faff and Chan, 1998; Alster, 2003;). Hedging is not a way of making money, but to assist management in better managing corporate revenue through reducing the corporate exposure to volatility in the foreign currency markets (Nguyen and Faff, 2002, 2003a; Anac and Gozen, 2003; Alster, 2003; De Roon et al., 2003; and Dinwoodie and Morris 2003). When used prudently, hedging can be effective insurance as well as a value-enhancing exercise for corporations. Effective hedging programs have been proven to allow corporations to minimize or transfer their foreign currency exposure. The diminished exposure to foreign currency fluctuations allows more stable and predictable cash-flows, notably in terms of revenue. As a result, firms are then capable of making more comprehensive financial plans, including more reliable estimations on tax, income after tax and dividends payable to shareholders. It is believed that a dividend payout is often of significant appeal to long-term, current or prospective shareholders (Nguyen and Faff, 2002, 2003b; Alster, 2003; Anac and Gozen, 2003; De Roon et al., 2003; and Dinwoodie and Morris, 2003). The three main questions surrounding hedging: when, what and how to hedge are shown in Figure 2.2 below as a decision tree. How to Hedge? Hedge Ratio 10% 50% 100% OR Any Ratio between 0.1%-99.9% What to Hedge? When to Hedge? Financial Tools Forward Futures Options Swap Hedge Under Currency Risk Exposure Non-Financial Tools Leading Lagging Fully participating market movements No Hedge Fig 2.7 Generic Hedging Decision Tree The question to hedge or not to hedge is a complex and controversial one in financial risk management. Natural hedges carry no explicit out of pocket cost and intrinsically form a better offset to economic exposures and so generally are preferred to synthetic hedges. Synthetic hedging can be likened to insurance, where the company incurs an explicit cost to reduce the risk or volatility inherent in its business results. The cost must be weighed against the risk-reducing benefits of the transactions, taking into account their precision and effectiveness. The real drivers of any hedging decision are 1) what is the risk tolerance of the company; and 2) what cost is acceptable for entering into transactions to reduce or eliminate the risk. Foreign currency-denominated activities engaged by Indian Exporters Expected payments of foreign exchange from trade Expected receipts of foreign exchange from trade Liabilities Assets Debt Debt Equity Net trade foreign exchange exposure (before derivates) Net balance sheet foreign exchange exposure (before derivatives) Foreign exchange Derivatives Net foreign exchange exposure (after derivatives) Fig 2.8: Decision to Hedge Foreign Currency Exposures Some managers feel strongly that hedging either should always be done or never done, and their approaches vary tremendously. Indeed, there is an academic perspective that hedging is never appropriate since risks like FX exposure represent diversifiable risks from the shareholder perspective, and thus, the cost is wasted effort for shareholders. Some managers share this view, but most multinational businesses of significant size engage in some financial hedging transactions. Major arguments for and against hedging are displayed in Table 2.2 Table 2.2: Theoretical Arguments on Hedging For Against Managing earnings volatility for FX risk can reduce a firms potential cost of financial distress. PPP and CIP imply compensating levels of FX rates and prices. Firms in financial distress face higher contracting costs with customers, suppliers, and employees. FX rates even out over time. Firms that hedge and reduce their earnings volatility pay less taxes over the long run if tax rates increase the income levels. With transactions costs, hedging is a losing bet on average. Managing FX risk and smoothing earnings volatility has a positive effect on stock price and shareholder value. Shareholders can diversify their own portfolios to compensate for FX risk.

Birth of American Newspaper -- essays research papers fc

The Birth of the American Newspaper It has been said that the true newspaper must meet these qualifications: (1) it must be published at least once a week; (2) it must be produced by mechanical means (to distinguish it from handwritten "newes letters"); (3) it must be available to anyone willing to pay the price, regardless of class or special interest; (4) it must print anything of interest to a general public, as contrasted with some of the religious and business publications; (5) it must have an appeal to a public of ordinary literary skill; (6) it must be timely, or at least relatively so, in the light of technical development; and (7) it must have stability, as contrasted to the fly-by-night publications of more primitive times. -Emery and Smith, 1954 Before the printing press or printing plates hand written pamphlets were the means for communicating anything over a distance of land or sea. Documentation, for those who were literate, played major roles in politics long before today’s modern Sunday Advertisers. In 1566, the Venetian Magistracy ordered accounts of the war in Dalmatia to be read and posted in public places. Persons interested in this news paid a small coin, called a gazetta, for the privilege of obtaining it. As far back as 69 BC, news sheets known as Acta Diurna were posted in public places in Rome (Emery and Smith, 1954)." It might be said that the newsp...

Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) :: Exploratory Essays

Michigan Department of Natural Resources and Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) The controversial topic I decided to choose was Michigan’s plans on preventing the spread of CWD (Chronic Wasting Disease) in the white-tailed deer and elk herds. Many areas throughout the United States have broken out with this deadly disease, like Colorado, Nebraska, New Mexico, South Dakota, Wisconsin, Montana, and even the province of Saskatchewan. The problem with CWD originated from Saskatchewan, where captive deer became infected with this disease that affects the nervous system. This disease is very similar to that of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy or more commonly referred to as â€Å"Mad Cow Disease†. The disease was spread through international transportation of deer from one farm to the next. CWD spreads very fast and rapidly. It attacks the nervous system making the deer lose an excessive amount of weight, hair, and all vision becomes blurry leaving the deer disoriented. As of right now, Michigan has tested negative in all counties for the Upper and Lowe r Peninsula. So this leads to many controversial issues about baiting deer for hunting season. Sense, saliva can spread the disease, the DNR is trying to stop hunters from baiting deer to prevent this from spreading. Some hunters rely on hunting over bait bile’s, to attract deer to their hunting areas. Michigan has limitations on the amount of bait you can spread at one time. We are only allowed to spread a five-gallon bucket over a 6-foot area. But the DNR has already made plans to make baiting illegal when any state such as Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, or the Canadian province of Ontario, have been infected with CWD [1]. All baiting of deer will be illegal and there will be no more baiting allowed ever. So I feel that the state is doing the right thing to prevent CWD from spreading into the state. Another concern the DNR has is people traveling to other states to hunt and bringing back the animal. The DNR wants to limit the amount of carcasses brought into the state. Michigan Department of Natural Resources officials reminded Michigan hunters headed out-of-state to hunt deer and elk this fall to take common-sense precautions to avoid accidentally bringing Chronic Wasting Disease back to Michigan [2]. The deer can have the disease and also carry it in the feces, urine, saliva, brain, spinal cord, and the meat. So once you have killed the animal, you should take it to a sanitary landfill, or buried deep where no animal can get to it and become infected.

Language Development of Deaf Infants and Children Essay examples -- Te

Language Development of Deaf Infants and Children My essay topic is the language development of deaf infants and children. In my opinion, this is an important topic to discuss, due to the lack of public knowledge concerning the deaf population. Through this essay, I wish to present how a child is diagnosed as having a hearing loss (including early warning signs), options that parents have for their children once diagnosed (specifically in relation to education of language), common speech teaching methods used today, typical language development for these children, and some emotional, social, and mental difficulties faced by the deaf child and the child’s family that have an immense effect on the child’s education. When most people think of the process of language development in â€Å"normal† children, the concepts that come to mind are of babies imitating, picking up sounds and words from the speakers around them. Trying to imagine that a child who cannot hear one single sound a person makes can learn to speak a language is absolutely fascinating. These children range from amazin...

Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill

Deinstitutionalization of the Mentally Ill CheckPoint 1 According to the article by Jim Mann, from the Southwest Journal of Criminal Justice, (2012) he states how the involvement in the criminal justice system with mentally ill offenders was profoundly affected by the decision which resulted in large numbers of mental hospital patients returning to the community during the mid-1970s.The article states that after an examination of the characteristics of mental health courts was conducted, the consensus results indicated that with the release of mental health patients into a community came the increase in crime rates. The article I researched was very brief, but lead me in the direction of crime levels within the community. Once individuals were released from the institutions, crime rates statistically increased, according to the data provided by the Criminal Justice/Mental Health Consensus Project stated that crime jumped greatly over a period of time.People decided to try the event o f deinstitutionalization in an attempt to save money for both the hospitals as well as individuals. They believed that a prescription drug was and would be cheaper than the cost of twenty-four hour care within an institution. About this time era is when the development of psychiatric drugs started coming into the picture. Unfortunately, according to these statistics, crime levels did increase since the start of deinstitutionalization.My local community is fairly small, but for has a high crime rate for how small it is. We do have an institution here in town for the mentally ill, but the majority of the people that are here and have committed crimes and have done some serious issues due to being mentally ill, basically just get a slap on the hand. My community for the most part is great when it comes to helping people out with certain situations; however, our police department is horrible and lazy. THEY are the waste of money, not our institutions.Anyways, within my community, we do have a homeless shelter, where housing is provided for families, and we also have assistance groups for victims of domestic violence. We also have a family planning clinic that runs solely on donations and provides birth control as well as condoms at no cost. We also have low income clinics that help people and provide health care, dental care, and mental health at charges all based on an individual’s family size and income. Basically, my local community is great for helping people, except for our police department.

Me, Myself and I Essay

My Family, I admit I had a big family. My family is not perfect like others. Well, I just say that we are living well. Ate at least 3x a day, wear a normal dresses bond with them at least once a month. However, sometimes we did not expect some circumstances and trials that came into our lives. Although we are not complete, we did not lose hope instead, we kept holding each other’s hand, always pray unto God to support and never let go of us, and give us enough strength to face it. That is all I can tell about my family. I do not want to talk about some stuffs regarding about my family because it is kindda controversial. Ok I’ll get to introduce myself first. HAHA†¼ I am Kaye Osorio Bautista, 15 years of age. Likes? Well am not that kind of brat person if they do like me, I like them too. If they do not like me, I guess I do not like them too. That is my attitude always depends on person on how you are going to treat me. I had many of friends. Real friends I guess? Maybe because am just being so true for them. In my everyday’s lives I can’t control myself being prank with them †¦ even though am that kind of person, they still love me so I loved them back. My friends call me any kind of endearment they want or just my name. Humble, kind, silly, youthful, adorable, naughty, talkative, joyful, sometimes sweet, lovable, and bossy HAHA†¼ That’s all I can say about me and I’m very proud of being me. My future Plans. After being licensed Police of course, I used to get my stable work. Earn moneys, help my family and also I’m planning to take a short-term course which is Culinary Arts, because for me eating sweets are my stress relievers and I want to know about more pasturing . Example of essay about myself.

Missing White Woman Syndrome Essay

Missing white woman syndrome, also known as missing pretty girl syndrome, is a tongue-in-cheek term coined by some media critics to reference a form of media hype in which excessive news coverage is devoted to a specific missing or murdered white women and girls, while virtually ignoring missing men, non-white women, or other news stories. According to these critics, reporting of these stories often lasts for several days or weeks, sometimes even months, and displaces reporting on other current events that some people consider more newsworthy, such as economics and politics. This syndrome appears to be most prevalent in U. S. media, but famous examples can also be found elsewhere in the world, e. g. the United Kingdom. The essential features of a missing person said to give rise to Missing White Woman Syndrome are sex, her race, (relative) prettiness, and age. These features are said to provoke positive discrimination in the reporting as news of the disappearance of a young white woman, and so to increase public interest in her disappearance. Missing people claims that cases which generate greatest publicity are those where missing persons are white, middle-class, female and from stable two-parent families, and where is no indication that such a missing person ran away from home. A working-class boy or an older woman is less likely to receive news coverage. Even in cases where foul play is suspected, if the victim is male, is of Afro-Caribbean or Asian descent, is a prostitute, has drug problems, is a persistent runaway, or has been in foster care, reporters are said to decide that their readership is less likely to relate to or empathize with the victim, and they reduce their coverage accordingly. The typical profile that must be fit: blonde, attractive, if possible blue-eyed, young, petite, vivacious and of a middle class or higher economic background creates the cases of MPWW which involve every local or national news to provide regular daily coverage of any and all developments, accompanied by lengthy discussions about the meaning of such developments. Speculations about evidence, suspects, motives that caused the disappearance rise and family members are called in order to offer more information and to show pictures of the victim. As the story gains momentum and begins to pick up steam like a runaway locomotive more talk shows and news media search details and turn the event into a national issue. The typical case lasts for days, weeks, months, forever and ever resulting in some families creating a website about the case, or a reward is posted, flyers and leaflets are posted all over and cover all neighborhoods. However, if we take a look at the Doe Network, which is one of the resources that handles missing adult cases, we find out that: a) there are more missing black women in the US than women of all other races combined, b) there are more missing men than women, and c) there are far, far more missing long-term missing persons than most people even dream about. Moreover, from the news you would never know that most missing Americans are men, not women, that nearly a third of the missing are black, and that even ugliness will not save a woman from becoming missing and turning up dead. [pic] Missing People Chart. [pic]http://abagond. wordpress. com/2007/12/27/the-missing-white-woman-syndrome/ The Missing White Woman Syndrome should be taken into account and treated as a huge problem, but at times some cases are emphasize more than others and thus discrimination appears. What is more, â€Å"Missing White Woman Syndrome† seems to be interjecting racism into a situation that is much more complex than simple racism, as very often the disappearance of black women is neglected or if at the same time a white woman and a black one are reported missing it is only the white one that catches the media attention and soon becomes national news. Some critics say that pretty, white damsels in distress draw viewers, whereas missing women who are black, Latino, Asian, old, fat or ugly do not. For example, in May 2004, a young black woman was missing. It was not until 14 months later that they found her body. Her aunt worked in public relations but the press was not all that interested. Yet during all those months, when she went missing cable news went on and on about other missing women who were white. So, it could be the media’s fault for not covering every subject properly, and at times this does not resume just to Missing White Woman Syndrome, but to other news as well. It is a matter of interpretation of every situation and the media tends to draw the attention upon a certain area of a subject so that it should turn the whole thing into a business as it is often considered. For example, an automobile accident that kills five people is â€Å"newsworthy†, but five separate fatalities are not. A coal mine accident that kills a dozen is covered by every media outlet, but scores of miners who die from black lung every year are ignored. It is the shocking news that get the attention, as a means of manipulating the audience. Some claim that the media offers its viewers what they want, as it is like any other market driven much the same way that demand for certain automobiles drives production. It is said that is not just pretty white women, because people are drawn to stories about â€Å"pretty† people in general. Good looking actors get more face time than not so goof looking ones. Overweight people are now the majority in the U. S. , yet â€Å"full figured† models don’t turn up in Victoria Secret magazines. A plump homely missing child will likely not draw the attention that a good looking child would. Maybe people are drawn to â€Å"attractive†, because it is what we want to be. Then when bad things happen to attractive people we feel bad because something happened to the concept of what we’d like to see ourselves as – attractive. Attractive is pleasing to the eye and to the mind, and we are drawn to the things that please us†¦ Government intervention could be the only solution, if it subsidized the news media to insure the reporting of certain events even though they may not be in demand. However, there are opponents who claim that this is a social matter and not an economic one, mainly focused on racism and the way it is still perceived in America. Missing White Woman Syndrome is spread not only in the United States, but in other countries as well and it apparently attract millions of viewers. During the last year in Romania there ahs been a continuous debate on a similar case of a missing white woman, a lawyer, whose case has been analyzed from every angle and it is still discussed. Some even say that it became a brand, as there was a TV-show that kept up with all the details of the case. In the meanwhile many other teenagers or children have gone missing but the attention is still drawn to this never-ending case that some even consider not to be true. There is also the cult of true womanhood which teaches that white women are to be rescued, therefore they are helpless and in need of protection, while black women are assumed as being â€Å"in control† of the situation. It is a matter of perception upon the entire world, thus including prejudices and mentalities that grow into racism and into different forms of seeing others of a different race or sex or social status as capable of certain things. Here we could mention the view of people on a missing black woman who is later found dead, as either a drug addict or an easy woman. The questions â€Å"How do you save a black man from drowning? You take off your foot of his head. † and â€Å"What do you get if a white man falls of a skyscraper? Who cares. † best summon the idea that it is spread worldwide not just on the Missing White Woman Syndrome, but in other cases of discrimination and also national opinion upon a certain topic. The abagond. wordpress. com refers to the missing white woman syndrome as â€Å"missing pretty girls syndrome† or â€Å"damsel in distress syndrome† and it also makes references of TV episodes where the syndrome was clearly present. That is in â€Å"Without a Trace† episode â€Å"White Balance† in which the agents investigate two cases: that of a white teenage girl and that of a black teenage boy. They must cope with the white girl’s case getting constant attention and the black boy’s getting none. The episode concludes with a No Ending, as we are told that one lives and one dies, but not which is which. In one episode of â€Å"Law and Order Criminal Intent†, the disappearance of a white girl on a school trip becomes the subject of a media frenzy, and is eventually tied to the disappearance of a local black girl. The mother of the black girl accuses the authorities of coming to her only when her daughter’s disappearance was tied up with the white girl’s. The msnbc. msn. com refers to unconscious bias stating that â€Å"Quoting those FBI statistics – its like saying ‘99percent of the nations in the world are not at war, so why are focusing on the war? ’ But Iraq is an extraordinary event involving Americans† said Mark Effron, vice president of news at MSNBC TV. â€Å"What makes news is the unexpected. † Also, ironically the site gives another quote which refers to the Missing White Woman Syndrome, that is â€Å"If you are missing, it helps to be young, white, female. † Maybe this statement should raise a question mark that can make everyone see the real meaning of this â€Å"syndrome† that does not occur only among white women, but among black or Asian women as well, thus making all of them equal in front of the world and in the media articles. CNN has often been accused of not taking into account all missing cases and of observing and broadcasting only those of white pretty women, ignoring missing black women. The news media does not only entertain viewers, but also sells newspapers and you rarely, if ever, see in the news a woman â€Å"of color† who has gone missing. The Missing White Woman Syndrome is another embodiment of racism that makes you concentrate only on a small part of the problem and thus ignore the rest as if it never exists. There are thousands of people who go missing every day, but who, for not fitting the profile do not make it to the front page or the news. Those attractive women who are reported try to create that perfect image of the world where everyone seeks the beauty and the perfection and these cases of disappearances or deaths often ruin or at least shake the confidence in these stereotypes. But it is very clear that one does not have to be young, blonde and blue-eyed in order to be abducted and moreover breaking the news does not necessarily help bring back the missing person. Here is a matter of police involvement as well and the way in which authorities do everything in their power to find whoever has gone missing. Nevertheless, it is somehow ironical how statistics show that there are more males missing than women, and yet rarely are these cases reported. The percentage of missing white women is not higher than that of black women, but we only speak about a Missing White Woman Syndrome and not about a Missing Black Woman Syndrome. There are also a lot of children gone missing and most of them are not blond, blue-eyed and yet they are those who everyone talks about and even become icons of the â€Å"syndrome†. It is a creation of a fake world where we only focus on what we want to see and not on what there really is out there. Bibliography: www. msnbc. msn. com www. tvtropes. org www. abagond. wordpress. com Monica Radu, 1st year student of American Studies.

Eastern Foods Essay

Introduction Eastern Foods has a lot of restaurants and fast food outlets in some countries, and as for its expansion, the company is mapping out to build its outlets in the United Kingdom. Building work is planned to be finished by first of July, so directory boards have given the task to start up business development planning procedure from first of May. The board has also required that all major issues in terms of HRM, Accounting, Marketing, and Operations Management should be found and addressed accordingly. Part (A) In some core areas of the Eastern Foods, there is going to be discussion upon overview of the challenges in HRM, Accounting, Marketing, Operations Management, and after getting familiarized with these issues, solutions will be suggested as required. Human Resource Management First issue: HRM is going to face challenges in the sphere of recruitment as there is no employment contract signed. Absence of this documentation can wake legislative sanctions against the Eastern Foods. In addition to that, hired employees after taking their money beforehand will have an opportunity to leave the work in any time without employment contract. Second issue: obviously the company will be in tough moments at the starting stage as for deficiency skills in newly employed staff. Managers intensively seek to good employees but they do not easily find them as there are very few people with good skills and experience left unemployed in current job markets. Third issue: over exploitation of employees will drastically minimize job satisfaction degree of employees which also in turn, will make them very tired. This has always been considered as one of the major issues of any organizations. Accounting First issue: accounting machines and computers will not always operate as proper as intended. So, account department will be more worrying on this potential issue. Second issue: First and foremost problem for the Eastern Foods is undoubtedly keeping correct transactions. When every outlet depends on the main financial branch, it will not always be easy to cope with various and massive numbers of financial statements. For instance, gross sales of one outlet might be 20, 500 Euro, but other outlets may be presenting less than that amount such as 13, 874, or 12,743 Euro respectively. In this case accountants will probably make mistakes in writing them. This usually happens when accountants are not well-qualified or tired of fixed working hours. Marketing First issue: Marketing department will be facing several challenges in terms of promotions and building relationships with customers as marketing system will have to first see the outcomes and statistics of other restaurants’ trends and then decide to which target segment promote. Second issue: Provided that the Eastern Foods sets up strategies such as discounts, free drinks, and so on, it will be adversely affecting the income level, and will lead to the failure of strategic plan, thus demolishing profits gained. Second issue: External and internal designs of outlets can be unattractive to the customers. As well as ingredients and types of meals may not be liked very much. For example, clocks on the walls, color, posters, and such attractive items might not be suitable to preferences of the customers. Operations Management First issue: Operations managers will have been undergoing challenges with regard to controlling and relationship with staff at the outset. Second issue: Sudden technical problems and damages are inevitable which can put the organization in urgent case Third issue: As there is a considerable discrepancy between jobs and tasks as well as in qualifications of the whole working unit, there will appear some misunderstandings when jointly decision making activities are needed. Part (B) The two most problematic areas and their solutions First area: Human Resource Management Absence of employment contract will not only cause internal issues, but it will get down reputation of the Eastern Foods in the eyes of customers. For example, there are lots of news agencies that are ready to publish and show any such issues that occur in famous areas such as restaurants, and at the same time, governmental courts will be thinking of cessation of the Eastern Foods’ operation. Furthermore, it will be easy for employees to make frauds inside the outlets because they feel confident of slipping away in any time they wish if they have not been hired based on legal contract. Moreover, if there will be no procedural justice system in the organization such as not conveying information to the employees, then, definitely communication gap will appear. Unfortunately, job advertisements newspaper is not as effective as it was before, so the managers will have been experiencing difficulties in finding proper employees. Whoever feels over exploited, no matter, whatever is p rice or reward, they will start to show their disagreement to HRM departments. This can be explained when managers neglect to employees’ personal or health related issues, that time, they need some time but, they do not want to lose their jobs as well. Late working hours can be one of the crucial reasons for the job dissatisfaction. Solutions Solution to the first stated issue is quite simple, that is setting up legal employment contract, and other legislative documents. By doing so, the Eastern Foods will raise their satisfaction degree. In a rule, employees should feel that their rights will not be violated by the organization as well as they need to make sure if they can be one of the important parts of the organization. This means when they have power in decision making process and when they are allowed to put their candidate in leadership positions,  and when they actively take in part in elections held inside the organization. Likewise, journalists from mass media such as TV channels, and Radio can take interviews from employees about their jobs and other related themes which will increase employees’ interest toward their jobs, feeling important is great indeed. Solution to the second mentioned issues is not easy, or impossible to take into control all the time because nobody will confess their inner crimin al desire, therefore, Human Resource Management must fix security cameras in each area of operations so that it will be able to observe any deeds executed inside the organization. In addition to that it will help HRM managers to sort out efficient employees, and accordingly, those employees will be rewarded in a faith way. Moreover, when work units feel that they are under observation, then, they will not likely be spending their time out of their work place and offices, and will be doing their works respectively. The third issue can be addressed by not only publishing job advertisement on newspaper but, also, by building a good rapport with fresh graduates of universities, especially, who study in tourism faculties as they are taught well on how to communicate with customers. Also, it will be easier way to involve them in free job places as they are full of energy, and do not usually, require high level of wages, and compensation. They may not have practical skills, but they can br ing in a new atmosphere, and a new look inside the organization. Usually, customers do not like being waited, so, when the staff is younger, then, they will probably take and bring the orders faster. However, these graduates involvement should not include discrimination and unethical payment rate which can also lead to legal challenges. Second area: Marketing department Marketing department can be put into difficulties if it cannot renovate and execute its role as required. When marketing, especially, promotion strategies do not work; the Eastern Foods will not be visited by high number of customers. In this globally competitive world, all restaurant businesses are striving to offer their special promotions in various forms, for example, some of them offer cheaper prices for more order while others offer high quality and service. Accordingly, it will not be easy for the Eastern Foods to create special ways to draw customers’ attention. One mistakenly  launched promotional program can be costly for the organization that in turn, may lead to imprint not interesting view on potential customers’ minds. What is more, the organization may not be able to persuade the main finance department to budget some money for launching promotional programs. For instance, if some discounts offered at the outset will not prove it unless the intended amo unt of profits comes. As a result, damage cannot be covered, and marketing department will have to ask another amount to launch a second program, in this case, directors of the Eastern Foods will not be very happy, and can put pressure onto the marketing department. Design of the outlets might not be suitable to tradition, culture and religion of the country. If so, disagreements from the local people will ruin authority of the whole organization, no matter how well it is cooking, and how health and cheap prices are, simply one mistakenly chosen design, and pictures on the wall can decrease potential clients’ anticipation. More than that, differences on the course of meals and drinks may be absent, so, customers will probably be demanding new types and new tastes, and if their demand cannot be met as early as possible, then, they will likely prefer to change their regular restaurants. This issue might happen starting from the third month of operation when people start too fed up with unchangeable dishes. Solutions The first problem can be solved by using various types of promotions. For instance, the company can choose direct advertising in which the Eastern Foods will send messages and letters directly to the potential customers. However, direct advertisement is getting more unfavorable, so, the company can address another type that is â€Å"public relations† in which the owner of the company will talk about his incipient activities, and what he has experienced, in short, life story of the company. It will increase awareness of the customers about the company which means success. Moreover, taking in part in business conferences and events can help the organization to be known in the regions, and here the store managers must get valuable advices from marketing department on what kind of preparations should they do beforehand they participate in business events. As for mass media, the Eastern Foods should hold some charity, and celebration events, and should invite radio and the TV corre spondents. Additionally, famous actors,  actress, and singers should be invited once in a week to each outlet, as we know, youngsters are keen to meet with their favorites, so they will automatically become regular clients of the Eastern Foods if they are given such kind of chance. Also, famous show programs should also be invited to lead their programs in one of the outlets once in a month. Another noticeable target area is football fans, if facilities such as television sets, special cozy cabins, and discounts are provided in every football match of the region, and then the company will undoubtedly succeed with only this market segmentation. Part (C) In general, the Eastern Foods’ primary focus should be pointed to the marketing areas and HRM because once the staffs employed are well qualified, have satisfactory skills, and do their jobs very well, then, the company will not have to be concerned on this issue in the future. Likewise, if marketing can find out how to attract customers, and deal with design, taste issue, then, customers’ number will be relatively high. Accounting personnel should not neglect to any tiny number and details in the calculation process, and all operations managers should be responsible for providing needed help, advice, and supply always on time. Moreover, technical advancements such as security cameras can lessen the number of crimes and frauds inside the company. Conclusion It can be concluded that HRM and Marketing are the two key issue areas, and the other areas such as accounting should be interminably checked, and operations managers should evaluate, observe, and control all works accordingly. Legal aspects have been discussed as well, and the roles of mass media in the success of the Eastern Foods have been found to be significantly important. References: 1. Lynch, Frances (1984) ‘Resolving the Paradox of the Monnet Plan: National and International Planning in French Reconstruction’ Economic History Review xxxvii(2): 229-43. Lynch, Frances (1997) 2. Mackinnon, Danny, Andrew Cumbers and Keith Chapman (2002) ‘Learning, Innovation and Regional Development: A Critical Appraisal of Recent Debates’ Progress in Human Geography 26: 293-311. 3. Global Internet Statistics (by Language) (2004), http://www.glreach.com/globstats/index.php3

Feeding a Rapidly Expanding Population Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Feeding a Rapidly Expanding Population - Essay Example First, demand for food is changing fast across the globe. This comes as a result of a larger and wealthier population that has cut straight into the global food supply chain. Second, as food producers seek to produce more, they are required to demonstrate and practice acceptable levels of social and environmental responsibility. The third is the need to eliminate hunger among the world’s most impoverished populations. These three dimensions form the ultimate solution to the problem of feeding nine billion people. In an effort to address these three dimensions of the food problem, it is important to come up with better approaches to meeting the global food demand, which should ensure that, while not much of the uncultivated land will be cultivated, more and higher quality food will be produced. The next section discusses the measures that should be taken in an effort to fulfill this objective. Effective Measures As Godfray and his analysis group have noted, the three-dimensional food problem that is facing the world needs to be addressed by significant changes in the process of food production by the producer and food access by the consumer. In other words, it is important, in an effort to solve the food problem, to execute an overhaul in the global food supply chain in an effort to accomplish the extent of efficiency that was witnessed in the previous three centuries. This is a goal that the world food production chain will have to focus on despite the hurdles that come with the constraints of natural resources.