Architecture and the Environment Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Architecture and the Environment Paper - Essay Example Narrow rooms with low ceilings make people feel suffocated. People feel uneasy being in such places. On the other hand, voluminous rooms with high ceilings lend a sense of freedom and openness to the people. If the employees in an office are granted separate rooms with boundaries between adjacent rooms, they feel more relaxed as compared to being in the room where there are several employees with no walls marking the boundaries of their spaces. Hence, they tend to be more careful and reserved when they cough, sneeze, or even talk over the mobile phone than when granted individual rooms. The environmental psychological implications of commercial and residential design, including purpose and considerations â€Å"Environmental psychology is a science that studies how human behavior is influenced by the environment. The environment in this context comprises social, natural, constructed, learning and information settings† (Tipton, 2012). The environmental psychological implications of the commercial design include but are not limited to privacy and noise pollution. People don’t like to live in places where there are a lot of shops because such places remain crowded, and are not very peaceful. The commercial design should be such that it should provide the customers with appropriate parking spaces so that they do not park their cars in front of others’ homes. The commercial design should allow for the construction of toilets. The acoustical design of a cinema or club needs to be designed properly so as to ensure that the sound does not pass through the walls to reach the people living in the surroundings of the building. The environmental psychological implications of the residential design are numerous. The biggest concern in the residential design is privacy. For example, the window sills in the toilets should be high enough to block external viewers from looking inside the toilet. The windows in the rooms should be located such that the conten ts of the room are not visible to the neighbors. The exterior paint of the house should be attuned to the general trend, or it looks odd and destroys the color theme of the area. The purpose of providing windows in homes is both ventilation and illumination of the rooms with natural light, but when these windows become the unintended means to sneak into the neighbors’ private life, their change of location must be considered or may be demanded by the neighbors seriously. â€Å"Architects are practical visionaries with an ability to project possibilities and to connect knowledge with action† (Glyphis, 2001, p. 10). It is the responsibility of an architect to make environmentally responsible design in all sorts of construction works. The importance of architectural development supporting sustainable development Architectural development supporting sustainable development is a topic of immense importance in the present age where people are concerned about running short of natural resources, and the increase of global warming, and where living green is encouraged at all levels. Construction, whether residential or commercial, is one of the main areas where natural resources are required. Architecture creates several challenges for sustainability. It

National Achievement Test Essay Example for Free

National Achievement Test Essay This study tried to analyze the Mathematics achievement of the second year high school students of Hermano Miguel Integrated School as revealed in the National Achievement Test (NAT). The relationship between the achievement in Mathematics and their profile was also determined. The results were utilized in developing and evaluating the proposed expanded remediation module. What is the profile of the students as regards age and gender? Gender. In terms of age, it can be seen from table 1 that out of 37 second year high school students used in the study, nine or 24. 32 percent are males and 28 or 75. 8 percent are females. It can be deduce that majority of the students are females. It may also be inferred that there is one male student for every 3 females as the males represents almost 1/3 of the population. Age. As can be viewed in table 2, there are 21 or 56. 76 percent who are 13 years old while 15 or 40. 54 percent are 14 years old. The mean age is 13. 38. this implies that generally, the students are in the normal age range of a second year high school student. How did the second year high school students perform in the National Achievement Test (NAT) in Mathematics? The National Achievement Test (NAT) is an examination given by the Department of Education to all second year high school students in the country. For school year 2009-2010, it was given last March 2010. In Hermano Miguel Integrated School. There were 37 all in all who took the said achievement test in Mathematics. Mathematics is divided into seven topics or areas. There are seven levels of mastery based on the raw scores that were set by the Department of Education. Performance as Regards Systems of Linear Equations and Inequalities. Most of the students numbering to 17 or 45. 5 percent had low mastery while two of them were described to have absolutely no mastery of the Linear Equations and Inequalities. Only 13 or 35. 14 percent scored 35 – 65 having received average mastery level. The mean score of the students in this area is 30. 22 equivalents to low mastery level. These data tend to show that generally, the students failed to master the necessary skills in solving linear equations and inequalities. When interviewed, the students said that they really have difficulties in understanding this particular lesson especially inequalities where symbols oftentimes confuse them. They also could not formulate accurately the required equations to the given word problems. The teachers also said that there are times when the students can solve equations but when a word problem is given, they could not make the appropriate equations. Performance as Regards Systems of Quadratic Equations. The students have low master in quadratic equations. This is revealed by the mean score of 33. 62. This means that the students have difficulties understanding this particular topic in Mathematics II. Analyzing further the result will reveal that three or 8. 1 percent have some understanding of this topic as they were described to be moving towards mastery. However, three of them were found to be absolutely no knowledge of quadratic equations. Most of the students obtained scores between 35 – 65 which indicates that they have average mastery. This means that some of them may have the ability to cope up with the lesson on quadratic equations. Performance as Regards Systems of Rational Algebraic Expressions. The students got a mean of 29. 73 in the area of Rational Algebraic Expressions. This indicates that generally they are of low mastery. This implies that the students could not understand well the lesson on rational algebraic expressions which is quite difficult since it involves letters that tend to be abstract to the students. More than half of the students or 51. 35 percent have low mastery level while three of them are totally ignorant of the topic since they scored only 0-4 equivalent to absolutely no mastery. Apparently, the students failed to master the skills in simplifying rational algebraic equations, performing operations on rational algebraic expressions, solving rational expressions and in solving problems involving ational algebraic expressions. As the students said, they are confused when symbols and not numbers are involved in the equation. Some of them believed that Algebra is too abstract. This is a challenge to the teachers to make problems real life so that the students could relate with it and see its importance to their life. With this, the students may become interested to learn Algebra. Performance as Regards Variations. It can be observed that the students are generally average learners in this topic as their scores fall in the average mastery level. This implies that a lot of them could understand the lesson on variations. It may also be inferred that they have averagely developed the competency on identifying relationship between two quantities in real life that are direct, direct square, inverse and joint; represent the relationship as equations that varies directly as the square of a given value; and solving problems on variations: direct, and inverse. It reveals that 16 or 43. 24 percent have average mastery of this topic while no one was found to have absolutely no knowledge of variations. The lowest score was between 5 – 14 which means very low mastery. Performance as Regards Integral Exponents. It is revealed also in this particular lesson the students’ mean score is 23. 49 which indicates that they have low master of integral exponents. This may mean that generally, the students could not perform well the operations of exponential expressions where the exponents are whole numbers and fractions that may be positive or negative. The students said that they could hardly understand integral exponents especially when it is applied in a word problem. There are 16 or 43. 24 percent who showed, low mastery while 13 or 35. 14 percent were found to be possessing absolutely no mastery as their scores fall between 0 – 4. On the other hand, two of them or 5. 41 percent are moving towards mastery as their scores belonged to 66 – 85 bracket. As displayed in the table, the average score is 19. 80 implying that generally the students showed low mastery of this lesson. More than majority (62. 16 percent) exhibited low mastery with six of them or 16. 22 percent showing absolutely no mastery. It may be inferred that the students are likely to fail in the test on radical expressions as they claimed that they tend to be confused when numbers and letters are involved in the equation. Some of them admitted that they do not favor much Mathematics especially Algebra that appears to be so abstract to them. Impliedly the students have not mastered fully the competencies on simplifying radical expressions, perform operations on radical expressions and solving radical equations that were tested in the National Achievement Test. Performance as Regards Searching for Patterns and Sequences. It can be seen in table 9 that the mean score of the students in this lesson or topic is 30. 30 that is tantamount to low mastery level. This implies that generally, the students have not developed the skills required in searching for patterns and sequences. The table also reveals that most of them showed average mastery and low mastery but one of them has absolutely no knowledge on how to solve a problem where patterns and sequences have to be identified. This may mean that the students failed to master the skills on finding the common differences and the nth term arithmetic geometry and in solving arithmetic and geometric problems. Comparison of Students’ Performance in the Areas of Mathematics 2. Table 10 presents that the students are generally of low mastery level in Mathematics as their over-all mean is 29. 88. This means that out of 100 items in the test, the students could only get almost 30 correct answers. This also implies that most of the students find it difficult to understand Algebra. This gives the teachers some challenges to make the learning of Algebra enjoyable by applying it to real life situations so that it will not appear to be too abstract to the learners. According to the recent Basic Education Review prepared by the Department of Education, the mean percentage scores revealed in the National Achievement Test from School year 2004-2008 is 59. 53% and the weakest among the five core subjects taken in the tests was Mathematics, with a 4-year average of 52. 59% (DepEd, 2009). Looking closely at the table, it can be observed that the students scored highest on the topic on â€Å"Variations†. This is the only topic where students may find it understandable to them as they were found to have average mastery level. On the other hand, they were found to be of low mastery level in all the other six areas of Mathematics 2. They scored lowest on the topics â€Å"Radical Expressions, Integral Exponents, and Rational Algebraic Expressions. † These are the topics that need to be given so much emphasis by the teacher when discussing them to the class. They need to make use of varied teaching strategies, varied exercises and detailed explanation. These are also the topics that were included in the proposed remediation module prepared by the researcher. What significant relationship exists between the students’ Mathematics achievement and their profile? Using Yates Correction Formula, the coefficient of correlation was determined. This helped in identifying the relationship between Mathematics achievement and profile that includes age and gender. The data are provided in table 11. Since the computed values of 1. 88 and 0. 00 are both less than the tabular value of 3. 841 then it can be said that at 0. 5 level no significant relationship exists between the students’ Mathematics achievement and age as well as gender. This means that the Mathematics performance of the students is independent of the age and gender. The null hypothesis therefore is accepted. This implies that regardless of age and gender, the students may or may not perform well in the class. It can also be said that the learning Mathematics is not due to age or gender but maybe due to other factors not covered in the study such as interest, teaching competency of the teachers and availability of instructional materials. What remediation module can be proposed? Based from the results of the two examinations, the researcher came up with the remediation module whose main objective is to help the students master the necessary Mathematics skills. The topics covered in the module were â€Å"Radical Expressions, Integral Exponents, and Rational Algebraic Expressions† as these are the ones where the students scored lower compared to other topics. The remediation module was then subjected to evaluation of the five Mathematics teachers form the same school. The complete module can be found in the succeeding pages. According to Liban (2006) school administration should provide supplementary materials for the teachers that would help enrich their socio-technological needs of the present time. Castanos-Agpaoa (2006) said that a module is a new teaching strategy for arranging learning experiences in education and it has been receiving much attention. The strategy of learning modules has become a part of all level of teaching. A learning module is a self-learning package dealing with one specific subject matter unit. It can be used in any setting convenient to the learner and may be completed at the learner’s own pace. It may be used individually or in small groups What is the assessment of the teachers of the proposed remediation module? As can be seen in table, the over-all rating given by the evaluators is 4. 95 which indicates that the proposed remediation module is an excellent material that can help the students improve their Mathematics performance. The evaluators rated the remediation module as excellent in all the criteria except on the criterion related to inclusion of objectives that are of psychomotor domain that was rated as very satisfactory. Conclusions In the light of the findings, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. In the second year, there are 3 females for every one male student. 2. The students are in the normal age of a second year high school. 3. The students can get only 30 correct answers out of 100 items. They are seemingly low in understanding Mathematics. 4. The students need to improve in the areas of Radical Expressions, Integral Exponents and in Rational Algebraic Expressions. 5. In the preparation of the remediation module topics on Radical Expressions, Integral Exponents and in Rational Algebraic Expressions. 6. The students’ ability to learn Mathematics is not directly affected by their age and gender. 7. The proposed remediation module meets excellently the evaluation criteria and therefore it can be used in the classroom. Recommendations Based from the findings and conclusions of the study, the following recommendations are hereby offered: 1. The home environment and parents are still important for the behaviors and choices of adolescents. Adolescents  who have a good relationship with their parents are less likely to engage in various risk behaviors, and on top of all there is a need for the respondents for closer guidance in terms of study habits by making follow-ups on daily lessons, accomplishing project and the like. 2. The respondents should be exposed to interesting and challenging learning activities in Mathematics to sustain their interest and momentum in studying Mathematics. 3. Mathematics teachers may use the proposed remediation module in order to help the students improve their Mathematics achievement. However, the module needs to be evaluated periodically to see its functionality and effectiveness. 4. The teachers may give more exercises in every lesson so that students can master the necessary compe tencies required in a particular topic or lesson. 5. Varied teaching strategies may be adapted by the teacher to see which one may work better in helping the students improve their Mathematics performance. 6. Topics for further study.

Ancient Egyptian :: essays research papers

The ancient statues and pottery of the Golden Stone Age of Greece were much advanced in spectacular ways. The true facts of Zeus’s main reason for his statue. The great styles of the Kouros and the Kore. The story of The Blinding of Polphemus, along with the story of Cyclops. The Dori and Ionic column stone temples that were built in Greece that had an distinctive look. The true colors of the vase, Aryballos. The vase that carried liquids from one place to another. The Lyric Poetry that was originally a song to be sung to the accompaniment of the lyre. Zeus was considered, according to Homer, the father of the gods and of mortals. He did not create either gods or mortals; he was their father in the sense of being the protector and ruler both of the Olympian family and of the human race. He was lord of the sky, the rain god, and the cloud gatherer, who wielded the terrible thunderbolt. His breastplate was the aegis, his bird the eagle, his tree the oak. Zeus presided over the gods on Mount Olympus in Thessaly. His principal shrines were at Dodona, in Epirus, the land of the oak trees and the most ancient shrine, famous for its oracle, and at Olympia, where the Olympian Games were celebrated in his honor every fourth year. The Nemean games, held at Nemea, northwest of Argos, were also dedicated to Zeus. Zeus was the youngest son of the Titans Cronus and Rhea and the brother of the deities Poseidon, Hades, Hestia, Demeter, and Hera. According to one of the ancient myths of the birth of Zeus, Cronus, fearing that he might be dethroned by one of his children, swallowed them as they were born. Upon the birth of Zeus, Rhea wrapped a stone in swaddling clothes for Cronus to swallow and concealed the infant god in Crete, where he was fed on the milk of the goat Amalthaea and reared by nymphs. When Zeus grew to maturity, he forced Cronus to disgorge the other children, who were eager to take vengeance on their father. Zeus henceforth ruled over the sky, and his brothers Poseidon and Hades were given power over the sea and the underworld, respectively. The earth was to be ruled in common by all three. Beginning with the writings of the Greek poet Homer, Zeus is pictured in two very different ways.

Essay --

Divorce is not an exception anymore. In fact, with the rate of marriage decreasing over the past decade, and the divorce rate remaining steady, we are likely to know more people who are divorced than those who are legally bound. During this semester we read four novels. Divorce was a common theme in all of them. Only a few generations ago, American culture rejected divorce as scandalous. Today, law, behavior, and culture embrace and even celebrate it. It got me to wondering about the children of divorced parents. It got me to wondering, what about the children? Being concerned about them, I decided to research the Disruption of many traditional households. What happens during and after the process of divorce, predominantly to the children. Does parents’ divorce have negative impact on their later outcomes. After considerable research, I found that an increased social acceptance of divorce over the years has not reduced the negative effects experienced by the children of divorced parents. Every year, more than a million of American children suffer the divorce of their parents. Divorce causes pain to all involved, but most especially to the children. Though it is showed to be more accepted by society, it may put children in a downward trajectory from which they might never fully recover. A 2011 study by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that children of divorced parents often fall behind their classmates in math and social skills, and are more likely to suffer anxiety, stress, and low self-esteem. The reason that math skills are affected is likely because learning math is cumulative. "If I do not understand that one plus one is two," lead researcher and a Ph.D. candidate in sociology Hyun Sik Kim says, "then I cannot unde... ...ge formation behavior and educational attainment. Wolfinger's research is based on the National Survey of Families and Households, which included detailed information on family background for 13,000 people, and the General Social Survey, which surveyed 20,000 people over a 30-year period. In conclusion, children of divorce are often subject to many negative effects. â€Å"Broken† homes are a tough situation to deal with. Divorce causes many problems and should not always be the solution to family problems, there is counseling and many other solutions to look into before automatically switching to divorce. As was discussed in this research, there are many educational, psychological and emotional effects on children of divorce. The best solution to all this pain is to be open and honest with children as well as try to seek out help. Divorce should be a last resort.

Drink †Coffee Essay

A. Overview of the Industry The beverage industry in the Philippines has increased its market volume in the recent years as the fruit of gaining popularity and support from majority of the Philippine population. According to Euromonitor. com, after reporting a total volume drop of 2% in the previous year, juice recovered to be among the most vibrant soft drinks categories in 2013. Total juice volume ballooned by 8% supported by the products’ popularity among schoolchildren and the increasing health-consciousness in the country. Manufacturers continue to cash in on the local perception that juice is healthier than other popular soft drinks products like carbonates. It should be noted that, in 2013, the Department of Education banned the selling of carbonated drinks in school premises. Juice benefits from this development as it is among the beverages geared at children. B. Market Profile The target market of Zest-O in general are the kids and moms. These consumers can afford consumption for such beverages and therefore, better chances of high sales volume. Simultaneously, they also have the tendency to be more aware of health and wellness needs basically due to unlimited access to the diverse forms of media for advertising and promotions as carriers of information. As mentioned earlier, the Philippines, having a warm climate, is not such a comfortable place to be in especially during the peak of heat waves. For the local consumer, it’s all natural to look for a thirst-quenching treat in compensation for the discomforts of the heat. In line with this, demand for refreshing beverages significantly boosts during the months of March, April and May, while the rest of the year, the demand lessens partially yet remains constant. C. Market Size Based on the preliminary results of the 2012 Census of Philippine and Industry (CPBI) conducted nationwide, the Philippines had a total of 173,900 Value of Production of Key Manufacturing Enterprises by Beverage Industry for the year 2012. Table 1 shows that Beverage Industry for the year 2009 garnered the lowest number of value of production of key manufacturing enterprises at 123,300 (71.9%) followed by the year 2010 with 141,700 value of production of key manufacturing enterprises. Table 1 Link: http://www. nscb. gov. ph/secstat/d_estab. asp Industry cost structure A value chain is a model used to disaggregate a firm into its strategically relevant value generating activities, in order to evaluate each activity’s contribution to the firm’s performance (Terms V 2006). Through the analysis of this model we can gain insight as to how a firm creates their competitive advantage and shareholder value. The value chain of the nonalcoholic beverage industry contains five main activities. These include inbound logistics (suppliers), operations, outbound logistics (buyers/ customers), marketing and sales, and service. Inbound Logistics (Suppliers) Zest-O’s suppliers provide them with materials such as ingredients, packaging and machinery. In order to ensure that these materials are in satisfactory condition, Zest-O has put certain standards in place which these suppliers must adhere to (The Supplier Guiding Principles). These include: compliance with laws and standards, laws and regulations, freedom of association and collective bargaining, forced and child labor, abuse of labor, discrimination, wages and benefits, work hours and overtime, health and safety, environment, and demonstration of compliance (Zest-O 2006). From time to time, Zest-O uses third parties to assess their suppliers by having interviews with employers and contract workers. If a supplier has issues about the supplier guiding principles, they are usually given a certain amount of time to take corrective measures; if not, Zest-O has the right to terminate their contract with these suppliers. Operations Zest-O’s core operations consist of Company-owned concentrate and syrup production. According to their website, some of the main environmental impacts of their business occur further along the value chain through system’s bottling operations, distribution networks, and sales and marketing activities. Management of these operations across the business value chain tends to be more challenging outside of the core operations. According to Zest-O, they continue to address this by working with their partners to reduce the effects at every level of the manufacturing process by enlarging their comprehension of the complete environmental impact of their business through the entire lifecycle of their products from ingredient procurement to production, delivery, sales and marketing, and post-consumer recycling. Outbound Logistics (Buyers/ Customers). The activities required to get finished products to customers include warehousing, order fulfillment, transportation, and distribution management. Zesto products are sometimes transported by four-legged power. Across much of provinces, bottlers deliver to thousands of family-run kiosks and home-based stores. Marketing and Sales The Company pioneered the first-ready-to-drink juice drink in flexible foil pouch (Doy Pack System). With its flair for innovation, Zest-O juice drinks won the consumers’ patronage and wide acceptance. Over the past 25 years, Zest-O has earned itself a place in the Filipino culture. Zest-O Corporation has posted enormous growth over the years. With total assets of only Php 10M when it started, it continued to grow reaching annual gross sales of 280M in 1987 after 6 ? years of operation. As the company continued to venture into different products, sales continued to MULTIPLY reaching a total annual gross sales of Php 2. 6 B for the year 2004 with a total asset of 450 M. Service Activities that maintain and enhance a product’s value include customer support, repair services, installation and training. Zest-o’s customers range from large international retailers to smaller independent businesses and vendors. As a result, they provide services tailored to meet their customer’s needs. Market Trends Zest-O’s target markets are increasingly growing towards recognizing the difference between poor quality brews and those of high quality. This development is an important trend for the company as it represent its target market. Zest-O now are having an increasing number of people who appreciate the traditional brews whilst living in the urban areas. With this in mind Zest-O intend to ensure that our packaging is respectable and attractive. Today’s extremely stressful work environment dictates that individuals consume healthy drinks especially in the summer season, this presents an opportunity that Zest-O may exploit, marketing the health aspect of its beverages. Market Growth Juice will continue to capitalize on its health positioning to sustain growth in the forecast period. The total volume CAGR from 2013 to 2018 in this category is 2% while constant value sales will reach Ps45. 6 billion in 2018. The demand for juice is supported by the health-consciousness of consumers in the Philippines, and will be stimulated further by the expected influx of new product developments by manufacturers in 2013-2018. Recognizing consumers’ increasing demand for products, which are positioned to improve the wellbeing of patrons, industry players will largely invest in the development of health and wellness juice products. Fortification will remain a key strategy employed by companies to differentiate themselves from competition and target specific consumers. Source: http://www. euromonitor. com/juice-in-the-philippines/report Market Needs Drinks in the Philippines are not only a necessary complement to meals, but also help beat the tropical heat. As with their food, Filipinos often incorporate local produce into beverages to create tasty and refreshing concoctions. A few examples include blended mango shakes, coconut juice and pandan leaf iced tea. Filipinos also enjoy the coconut-infused hard liquor known as lambing and gin cocktails mixed with pineapple juice or citrus fruit juice. Zest-o will set out to provide good quality products that will help instill a jovial environment. Zest-o intends to provide the customer with more than a drink to quench one’s thirst. The company intend to provide a quality beverage that not only quenches one’s thirst but enables one to enjoy themselves and be proud of it. The quality of raw materials and assembly technology evident in their products will serve to enhance the appearance of the customers, in turn adding to their status.

Free Essays on Abstinence

Abstinence Abstinence means choosing not to have intercourse. There are all kinds of ways to accomplish this you may abstain from all sexual contact, or you may kiss and pet and even have oral sex. The important point is that there is no penis-to-vagina contact. None. The man secretes sperm-laden fluid long before he ejaculates, which can result in pregnancy as well as transmission of STD's. Don't push your luck on this point. If abstinence is your only form of protection, it must be practiced scrupulously. However, the reward for doing so is 100% reliability. It's an all-or-nothing deal which many women are quite satisfied with. One word of caution. If you choose to engage in sexual contact without intercourse, you are sharing the responsibility of protection with your partner to a greater degree than with other methods. Once you get the man to put on the condom, or to wait until you get your diaphragm in, or whatever, the precaution has been taken. But with abstinence, you must constantly be aware of what actions could be dangerous, and you are partly relying on him to remember also. Abstinence is a more intimate form of protection than most other methods. I recommend practicing it only with someone you really trust, or else practicing it to the extreme (ie, no sexual contact). Abstinence should not be confused with a technique called "withdrawal," in which the man does penetrate, but pulls out before ejaculation. Withdrawal does not work! The pre-ejaculate has plenty of sperm in it, and can transmit STD's (including HIV). Not to mention that it's quite difficult to stop oneself just before an orgasm and remember to pull out; many men don't accomplish the withdrawal. Don't get bullied into using this method if what you want is abstinence. That's why you should only attempt sex-without-intercourse with a truly trusted partner. If you are practicing complete abstinence from sexual contact, you may nontheless want some sexual ... Free Essays on Abstinence Free Essays on Abstinence Abstinence Abstinence means choosing not to have intercourse. There are all kinds of ways to accomplish this you may abstain from all sexual contact, or you may kiss and pet and even have oral sex. The important point is that there is no penis-to-vagina contact. None. The man secretes sperm-laden fluid long before he ejaculates, which can result in pregnancy as well as transmission of STD's. Don't push your luck on this point. If abstinence is your only form of protection, it must be practiced scrupulously. However, the reward for doing so is 100% reliability. It's an all-or-nothing deal which many women are quite satisfied with. One word of caution. If you choose to engage in sexual contact without intercourse, you are sharing the responsibility of protection with your partner to a greater degree than with other methods. Once you get the man to put on the condom, or to wait until you get your diaphragm in, or whatever, the precaution has been taken. But with abstinence, you must constantly be aware of what actions could be dangerous, and you are partly relying on him to remember also. Abstinence is a more intimate form of protection than most other methods. I recommend practicing it only with someone you really trust, or else practicing it to the extreme (ie, no sexual contact). Abstinence should not be confused with a technique called "withdrawal," in which the man does penetrate, but pulls out before ejaculation. Withdrawal does not work! The pre-ejaculate has plenty of sperm in it, and can transmit STD's (including HIV). Not to mention that it's quite difficult to stop oneself just before an orgasm and remember to pull out; many men don't accomplish the withdrawal. Don't get bullied into using this method if what you want is abstinence. That's why you should only attempt sex-without-intercourse with a truly trusted partner. If you are practicing complete abstinence from sexual contact, you may nontheless want some sexual ...

Cormac McCarthy the road Essays

Cormac McCarthy the road Essays Cormac McCarthy the road Essay Cormac McCarthy the road Essay Essay Topic: The Book Thief The Road In McCarthys The Road, the reader is exposed to a frightening nightmarish situation of what might become after a disastrous event. My essay will focus upon the confrontation between good and evil which is so wonderfully dramatize throughout the novel and finally answer what Cormac McCarthy ultimately suggested about good and evil?.The scorched earth, ashen drift and the Blackness are all examples of the vivid language used by McCarthy to convey a very unique and desolate view of what the world quickly became after whatever apocalyptic event occurred.The reader is only given a glimpse of what cataclysmic event brought the world to its knees, which occurred years ago, just before the boy was born: A long shear of light and then a series of low concussions. Afterward we are given a haunting vision of the early days: People sitting on the sidewalk in the dawn half immolate and smoking in their clothes. Like failed sectarian suicides. Then just how quickly the age of humanity ceased to ex ist giving way to a malevolent society: within a year there were fire on the ridges and deranged chanting. The screams of the murdered. By day the dead impaled on spikes along the road. The world that McCarthy portrays in the Road has simply disintegrated, leaving a clear divide between good and evil. Whatever good guys still exist, are at risk of becoming food for the evil cannibals. McCarthy has simply brought an end to civilization. The culture and history of millions of years of evolution and civilization is now extinct, the rules and laws that were set in place to prevent such evil behaviour is no more. Apart from our protagonists the others exist with no purpose or belief. Simply put now the god spoke have left this is what remains, a world where anarchy rules and what the father simply sees as the nothingness of McCarthys post apocalyptic worldThe once beautiful American climate and landscape is fast becoming completely inhospitable, It is a fact, that if the cannibals do not kill them, the landscape and weather will, (an example of this is when they come across the man that has been struck by lightening or the fathers persistent coughing made worse by the air or when the boy gets a fever.) The landscape itself is an evil. The bleak and temporal winds as well as the endless rain are the reason for their migration south in hope of warmer climates. There is ashen air which they actively cover their faces from in an effort not to inhale, and the cauterized terrain that causes the father to worry about their shoes. The effect of this is that McCarthy has made a vividly realised setting for our protagonists to roam through.With the dark clouds of global warming gathering over our heads in our own world and the incessant dread of nuclear attack. One cannot help, when reading The Road, but hope that our own world, doesnt emulate that of Cormac McCarthy if the worse were to happen. If civilization collapses and the worlds economy crumpled leaving the western wo rld in anarchy much like Haiti or Afghanistan, existence in such a world would then become based upon the survival of the fittest.Although the reader is not explicitly told what atrocity left the world in such devastation, we are given clues throughout the book, that leaves it open to interpretation, for example: cars in the street caked in ash and ashed air both point towards a nuclear holocaust. The mummified bodies our protagonists find along the road seem to indicate a volcanic eruption, much like Pompeii. McCarthy portrays scenes that are not too far-fetched, which keeps it feeling real. We recognize familiar objects such as a can of coca cola. The stores and houses are ransacked, which is a very likely situation after a disaster, for instance, people looting after hurricane Katrina. When people are starving and they will do anything to survive which is also believable. After reading The Road there is a heightened awareness that we mustnt let the world get to the point where ev il overwhelms the good, so that our own world doesnt succumb to the same plight as those in the roads. The Road is a superb but utterly frightening evocation of what awaits us, if catastrophe were to strike.From the instant the story begins, the narrative is extremely disorienting. an example of this is at the very beginning of the story and we are thrusted straight into the fathers nightmare. The language is often obscure. Because McCarthy omits quotation marks to announce speech and both our protagonists are male, therefore he the common pronoun becomes shared by the father and son throughout the novel, so it is difficult to be sure who exactly is being quoted in conversations. Also their voices flow from one to another with minor distinction. For example:Just wait here, he said.Im going with you.I thought you were scared.I am scared.Okay. Just stay close behind me.The narrative is as clear as the landscape and rivers in The Road which is not very. The story is written in the thir d person, but at times it is difficult to distinguish between the fathers thoughts and the voice. He watched the boy sleeping. Can do it? When the time comes? Can you? The language in this extract is eerie. We sense that the father is battling with his conscience and it is almost as if he is pleading with the reader for help. This at times leaves the reader with a feeling of bewilderment and at times makes the novel exhausting to read, which is how our protagonists feel, in their quest for survival and their worry for each other. There are many other things going on with the narration. For example when the father ponders the strangely orange morning light of a forest fire burning away the remains of the old world, he remembers a sacrament from the world that is burning beneath them: make a list, recite a litany. Remember. In a way the most of the story is a litany, made up of things the father remembers from the old world.McCarthys language throughout gives gruesome detail when desc ribing the evils of the road which could be a reflective of the mentality of the cannibals, for example: what the boy had seen was a charred human infant. Headless and gutted and blackening on the spit. This use of vivid language and imagery is not unusual in McCarthy novels; there is a scene in one of his previous novels, All the Pretty Horses McCarthy explains how John Grady Cole jammed the redhot barrel ash and all down into the hole in his leg. to cauterize his gunshot wound with his own pistol.The language seems like it comes straight out of a poetry book, and it helps us become engaged with the plot and feel like were living each day with them.This can be seen in the short, expressive sentences or phases with make up the novel. Which often contain nouns but no verbs for example: Barren, silent, godless. This seems to highlight the words importance and goes some way to describing the world seen by our protagonists. The barren emphasises the lost of humanity and the infertile na ture of the land, which is their reason for hunger. The silence seems to signify the perils of the land and the need to be silent so as not to be notice and also the lack of life in the world and godless for it seems that immorality has become the new way of life. Because it is Barren and silent the world would automatically become godless, hence the order Barren, silent, godless. McCarthy also uses elements of poetry when setting a scene they set out along the blacktop, the gun metal light, shifting through the ash. He uses a metaphor to describe the relationship between the sun and the landscape. The use of the word gun-metal gives the impression of a cold grey shine making the world seem dangerous and sinister. Also the use of the word shifting conveys the sun as if it is trying to enlighten a depressed earth with no success. This is similar to another description of the sun trying to illuminate the earth By day the banished sun circles the earth like a grieving mother with a lam p. This quote seems to epitomize the fact that the sun never breaks through the grey dust storms of the nuclear winterIn terms of structure, McCarthy follows his own rules. For instance the omission of chapters gives the book a continuous flow. Just like our protagonist wanting to keep moving south, we want to keep reading.The father at times doesnt seem to harbour much hope. The anxiety that parents already have, has been magnified due to their plight. Everything he sees or hears is potentially evil and derelict buildings and homes are perceived to be death-traps only to be entered when needs must. Apart from his resourcefulness and an ability to remain inconspicuous, his only other weapon is a revolver with two bullets which the reader comes to realize, are already spoken for. Trepidation is the foremost constant of the mans survival, while the boy lives in a state of unqualified terror. When his father rummages for any morsel of food in abandoned houses, or hunts for firewood or leaves him even for a moment, they go through the same litany of fear:Im scared.I know.Okay.Theres no one here, the man said.Okay.Are you still scared?Yes.Were okay.Okay.The boy needs his father to care for him, to socialise and love him, and the father is blissfully aware that he needs the boy to give him a purpose, a reason to keep living in an unreasonable, unimaginable world. He held the boy close to him. So thin. My heart, he said. That the boy was all that stood between him and death. This lovefor his son has come to signify all the possible meaning in his life. The boy is an embodiment of cause and purpose. To his father he is virtually divine and something to believe in: Golden chalice, good to house a god. And the man is desperate for that, desperate to have faith in something autonomous of man and eternal even with death. So he believes that his son can restore humanity. So he keeps trying, protecting his son from the desperation, hopelessness and dangers that is now ther e life. He tells his son: nothing bad can happen to them as they are carrying the fire. It is the son who instils in him hope for humanity. Because of this the son is able, at times, to influence his fathers decisions even though it is beyond his fathers better judgement. An example of this is when they have reached the coast and they have all their worldly belongings stolen from them by a emaciated outcast from one of the surviving blood cults, we read the vengeful reaction of papa to the thiefs desperate act of survival and watch as he is made to strip to complete vulnerability and left for dead. The boy in response to such a callous and inhumane response from his father, pleads with his him for mercy upon the thief, which the father grants and they are soon backtracking to the point where they had left the thief to return him his clothing.Much like a biblical character the father often has dialogues with god that could be compared to those of Job as he is often question gods will : have you no neck by which to throttle you? Have you a heart? Damn you eternally have you a soul.The son has not become disillusioned, despite being witness to misery; barbarism and immorality with had already led to his mother committing suicide. In fact, he has somehow managed to preserve his innocence and belief that good guys still exist. In a sense McCarthy is portrays the boy if he where a Samaritan, beset by pity for those the find upon the road an example of this is when they encounter a survivor upon the road, Ely, whom the father is coaxed into feeding by the boy. This epitomizes all the boy stands for. The encounter with Ely also shed lights on reoccurring theme throughout the novel. The existence of good guys upon the road. The conversation with Ely resolves this dispute. Moreover Ely provides the reader and father and son with a more direct answer. When asked by the father, how he has been surviving, and Ely responds that other travellers have been sharing their food w ith him; an idea that to the father sounds laughable until Ely points out that hr himself has done so.In my opinion the father is a representative from our world into the strange, new and hopeless world of post-apocalyptic horror who must try and digest the fact that the old world is no longer and with it all the things that define what he knows to be life. The boy is a representation of the new world, born into the chaos and knowing nothing about the old world except for stories and facts told by his father.Like wildebeest their sole existence is based on continuous movement, whether it is to find food and shelter or to evade capture from predators. But no cost would they ever resort to the evil alternatives. In the eyes of our protagonists the number of survivors that turn to savagery is completely irrelevant because they have decided to support each other to avoid either one plummeting to the level of the savages.The balance between good and evil in the roads can be summed up by what I believe is two similar but conflicting moments in the book. On one of their previous foraging trips the father had opened a cellar in which the bloodcults kept their prisoner, presumably for later consumption. So when they came across another hidden bunker, understandably the boy is terribly frightened and doesnt want his father to open it out of fear for what they might find, but the father reassures him: This door looks like the other door he said. But its not. I know youre scared. Thats ok. I think there may be thing in there and we have to take a lookthis is what good guys do. They keep trying. They dont give up. And this time they uncover a bunker full of food, clothing, fresh water etc. just as the find there deliverance from death: hed been ready to die and now he wasnt going to and enjoy second helpings of canned pears, McCarthy cruelly and somewhat evilly tell us that they cant stay there long.I those two scenes epitomize the road by Cormac McCarthy as it shows us th e fine balance between good and evil. Because the cannibalistic others have lost all humanity they would have never of found that bunker. But our protagonists, with their hope and belief. Keep trying and although all might seem lost, the roads show us that good things will happen to those that are tolerant, believe and never lose faith.Another contrast between good and evil comes at the end of the story with the death of his father. Even though this is widely anticipated, the death of his fathers leaves the boy is a rather precarious position. The boy has lost his only form of protection and is left holding the revolver. it is ironic that is boy saviours comes in the form of good guys which the son ever gave up hope in. and the boy is left to go on without his father carrying with him all the things he learned from him.

Duramold - Fairchild - Howard Hughes and the Spruce Goose

Duramold - Fairchild - Howard Hughes and the Spruce Goose In the late 1930s, aircraft of composite materials began to appear made of plastic-impregnated wood materials called duramold. The most famous and largest aircraft of duramold construction was the eight-engine Howard Hughes flying boat dubbed the Spruce Goose. Sherman Mills Fairchild According to the Fairchild Corporation, In the mid-1930s, Fairchild pioneered the application of composite structures to airframe design and production - duramold. The adhesive bonding processes and techniques are still followed in the manufacture of composite structures today. Fairchild also developed the first nine-lens mapping camera for the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey in 1936. Duramold Aircraft Spruce Goose The Spruce Goose was not the first airplane to use duramold material. Many small planes had been built using duramold during the early thirties by the Fairchild Aviation. The Spruce Goose was originally conceived by Henry J. Kaiser, a steel maker and builder of Liberty ships. The aircraft was designed, constructed, and engineered by Howard Hughes and his staff. The Spruce Gooses exterior was created with material using the duramold process of laminating plywood and it was the largest plane ever to fly. In 1947, Millionaire Howard Hughes became the first person to pilot the Spruce Goose. Spruce Goose Howard Hughes Becomes The First Person To Fly The Spruce Goose In 1905, Howard Hughes was born in Houston, Texas. Hughes inherited the patent rights to an oil tool drill made by the Hughes Tool Company. A millionaire, Howard Hughes both inherited and made his own money. An adventurous soul, he formed the Hughes Aircraft Corporation and loved to pilot planes and break aviation records. After flying across America, Howard Hughes turned to movie making and formed his own motion picture studio.

Case study of Starbucks 03055 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Case study of Starbucks 03055 - Essay Example Entire study is backed up by relevant case information collected from credible sources. Finally an overall assessment of the company’s strategy has been done highlighting the organizational activities that has lead to the firm’s sustainability and increased competitive advantage. The business pursuit strategy of Starbucks can also be discussed in the light of Porter’s generic strategies. The Porter’s generic strategies highlight a firm’s position in terms of four parameters, cost leadership, cost focus, differentiation and differentiation focus (Porter, 1980). The generic strategies define the nature of business strategy that is most profitable for a business concern. Differentiation strategy is implemented to ensure that an organisation’s product is different from that of its competitors. Differentiation strategy allows an organisation to remain agile in terms of new product development. Innovation is essential for implementation of differentiation strategy. The cost leadership strategy, on the contrary, is mainly about achieving cost advantage in every direction of the business. In cost leadership strategy, a company targets to maximise its profit by minimising its net cost of sales. Focus strategy is not considered as an appropriate competitive strategy as it is focused on a relatively narrow segment of the consumer base. Starbucks as a parent brand has positioned itself to follow differentiation strategy. This can be justified by the company’s high quality product offering of specialty and unique in-store experience (Grant, 2013). This helps Starbucks to distinguish itself from the rival brands. Although the parent company falls in the differentiation segment, however some of the products of Starbucks fall under other categories as well. Starbucks introduced a new brand of instant coffee called VIA which falls under two categories, Cost Leadership and Differentiation. VIA acts as a lower cost alternatives to the highly

The just exercise of political power is conceived of as resting upon Essay

The just exercise of political power is conceived of as resting upon constitutional principles - Essay Example This should not be taken to mean that if a state has a constitution, it is necessarily committed to the idea of constitutionalism. In a very real sense, every state has a constitution, if by a constitution is meant, in the words of Lord Bryce, â€Å"the aggregate of the laws and customs through and under which the public life of a State goes on...† (Studies†¦ I 1901). In this sense, every state may be said to have a constitution. There is, however, a tradition in the history of political thought which describes a constitution in terms of a higher law which is an expression of the will of the people. In this view, the state is created by and is organized by the people in the writing and adoption of a constitution, and government derives its authority, institutions, and procedures from this constitution. That is why, Thomas Paine maintained that any government which violates the constitution exercises â€Å"power without right.† If the distinction between constitution and government is ignored, then, Paine argued, there being no check upon the will of the government, it follows that the state is a despotism. A true, written constitution, he held, was always antecedent to the actual government, for, in his words, â€Å"The constitution is not the act of its government, but of the people constituting a government† (Elster & Slagstad 1988). To understand the nature of constitutional principles better, one should pay attention to its origin: theoretical doctrines and its manifestations (Greek Democracy, Roman Republicanism and English Constitutionalism). Some conception of a higher law will be found throughout the history of Western political thought. Early examples of written constitutions include Solons constitution of Athens (594 BC) and Cleisthenes constitution, which reformed the constitution of ancient Athens and set it on a democratic footing in 508 BC. Aristotle (c. 350 BC) was also one of the first

Routine Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Routine Letter - Essay Example As we move forward with plans for our yearly spectacular event, we are confident that your proposals will take this year’s project to the next level, increasing visibility and attracting even more public participation. Having seen your presentation, the committee is anxious to move forward. We will need a detailed plan of how you will be proceeding once we have signed with you, especially regarding the acquisition of city permits that will be necessary for the display you are planning to provide. Obviously, we would like to avoid any problems that might arise from the height of some of the props you have proposed. We need to ensure that you will be capable of delivering the creative, extravagant production from your presentation. I cannot begin to tell you how excited I was to meet with you concerning the production that your company has to offer toward our project. Having planned several large scale marketing projects for our company, I have had wonderful opportunities to expand our associations through the participation of a diversity of businesses. I look forward to this being one of those opportunities as I am thrilled to tell you that your company is being awarded the contract. We have seen many clever and innovative presentations regarding this marketing venture, however, none of the other applicants showed the same understanding of our goals as you seemed to share with us. As we move forward with plans for our yearly spectacular event, we are confident that your proposals will take this year’s project to the next level, increasing visibility and attracting even more public participation. Having seen your presentation, the committee is anxious to move forward. We will need a detailed plan of how you will be proceeding once we have signed with you, especially regarding the acquisition of city permits that will be necessary for the display

Consumption expenditure Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Consumption expenditure - Coursework Example Consumption expenditure Construction developed sturdily in the initial part of the decade and while there was a momentary deterioration in mid-2000s, in 2007, this reversed. Industries have exhibited various inclinations after the last economic downturn. The production, manufacturing and construction industries were heavily affected by the decline of economic conditions. In contrast, the output of the service industry declined by four percent from its peak to trough. Production began to develop in 2010, and the construction and manufacturing industries exhibited a similar strength, and none of the industries showed a sustained growth. The output of production dropped in 2011 and 2012. In 2012, the output of construction dropped sharply. In 2014, the output of construction improved. However, the output dropped in the recent quarter. While there has been a prevalent development across the sections of GDP since the beginning of 2013, the service industry still remains to be the steadiest and the largest contributor to the economic development, and is the only headline industry, where the output has passed the levels of pre-downturn. The United Kingdom experienced a marginally slower standard compound growth of GDP in five years after the economic downturn; this is also the same for the service industry. In quarter four of 2014, only the production and service industry outperformed the post-downturn growth rates of the headline industry. Within the insurance, financial and service industries have exhibited certain strengths when compared to the 5-year average.

Economics Paper in MLA format including 2 primary source documents Term

Economics in MLA format including 2 primary source documents - Term Paper Example The price where the curves intersect is called the market price and this is where both the consumers and producers are willing to supply a certain quantity. The demand curve is downward sloping due to the fact that as the price reduces, the ability and willingness to purchase on the consumers’ part increases meaning that there is negative relationship between the quantity demanded and price of the product. On the other hand, the opposite can be said for the supply curve. A positive relationship exists between the quantity supplied and price. As the price increases, the producers are more capable and willing to supply the product and hence the upward sloping curve. Consumer surplus is when a consumer is getting to buy a product at a price which is lower than that which the consumer is willing to pay. Therefore all the area between the demand curve and the market price line is classified as consumer surplus. Producer surplus is the excess which the producer earns as a result of the difference in the market price and the quantity the producer is willing to supply at certain prices. Producer surplus is the area below the market price and above supply curve. Business and Labor The mergers process may be beneficial for the industry in the short run specifically for industries which involve huge costs and research and development projects. The greater financial pool available to these companies is required to undertake large research operations and improve new technologies. It also is about the efficiency of the companies that is if they have been able to increase their efficiency through this process and whether they have passed this efficiency to the buyers. The mergers process may increase the efficiency because now at a larger operations base, the company may be able to achieve economies of scale which is the reduction of average production costs as a result of the increase in production. Coming towards the minimum wage laws, the governments often introduce the policies of minimum wage which acts as a floor to the price of labor employed. When the government enforces the laws of minimum wages, then the market forces are disturbed and equilibrium ceases to exist creating a gap between the demand and supply, which is of labor in this case. The disequilibrium in theory results in a rise in the supply of labor but the demand reduces as the labor is now more costly. However, the magnitude by which this disequilibrium is caused depends upon the circumstances prevailing in each economy and varies from country to country. United States Finance The economy of United States of America was performing very well at the start of the century but then went under deep recession in the year 2008 with the credit crunch and all the financial institutions seem to crumble at the same time. People started to default, and the society and institutions started to face liquidity issues. Soon with this credit crunch, the debts started to rise and the economy sta rted to experience its effects which included the rising unemployment rates and decreasing gross domestic product (GDP) of US economy. Since the financial crisis struck in the year 2008, the US debt has been very high. According to a recent news article, the United States debt is nearly as much as the total value of all its goods and services produced in the US during the financial year. CNBC reports that the total value of the US debt is $14.96 trillion which means that the

Consumption expenditure Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Consumption expenditure - Coursework Example Consumption expenditure Construction developed sturdily in the initial part of the decade and while there was a momentary deterioration in mid-2000s, in 2007, this reversed. Industries have exhibited various inclinations after the last economic downturn. The production, manufacturing and construction industries were heavily affected by the decline of economic conditions. In contrast, the output of the service industry declined by four percent from its peak to trough. Production began to develop in 2010, and the construction and manufacturing industries exhibited a similar strength, and none of the industries showed a sustained growth. The output of production dropped in 2011 and 2012. In 2012, the output of construction dropped sharply. In 2014, the output of construction improved. However, the output dropped in the recent quarter. While there has been a prevalent development across the sections of GDP since the beginning of 2013, the service industry still remains to be the steadiest and the largest contributor to the economic development, and is the only headline industry, where the output has passed the levels of pre-downturn. The United Kingdom experienced a marginally slower standard compound growth of GDP in five years after the economic downturn; this is also the same for the service industry. In quarter four of 2014, only the production and service industry outperformed the post-downturn growth rates of the headline industry. Within the insurance, financial and service industries have exhibited certain strengths when compared to the 5-year average.

Population and immigration in relation to hospitality market in the UK Essay

Population and immigration in relation to hospitality market in the UK - Essay Example People1st, the Sector Skills Council (SSC) for the hospitality, leisure, travel, and tourism sector, UK, envisages an additional 15,000 new jobs between 2002 and 2012, in addition to the 846,000 replacement jobs lost through labor turnover. AGCAS also believes industry will require 30,000-35,000 trained people at management and supervisory level year on year until 2010. Meeting labor requirement is a perennial problem in the industry. This essay will examine why this sector is not popular with the British local people and why there are so many immigrants in this industry. The rationale for the labor requirement can partly be attributed to the Olympic Games being held in London in 2012 (People 1st). According to Lockwood and Guernier (1990), Travel and Tourism analysts, hospitality sector in the developed countries are experiencing labor shortages and can expect to face greater shortages in the future (cited by Choi et al, 2000). The world has shrunk due to advanced technologies and hence finding labor round the globe is easier than it used to be. Due to globalization and free market economy, the recruitment strategy too has to undergo change. Migration of labor worldwide in the hospitality industry is very common. According to People 1st, 11 percent employers find it difficult to fill up the vacancies, as there are not enough people interested in the jobs. Not many skilled people can be found in this industry, and this is a customer-driven industry. Customer satisfaction in this industry is vital. This sector traditionally recruits a young workforce yet the biggest challenge that this sector faces is that of skills shortages. Skills in this industry range from the unskilled porter to the highly skilled managers. The majority comprises the unskilled staff including the food and bar service staff, semi-skilled including the commercial and clerical staff and the kitchen staff (Choi et al). While

Eva Smiths Diary Essay Example for Free

Eva Smiths Diary Essay Only a few days left to go, and my holidays will be over. Its wonderful having all this time to myself, to do as I please. But I have so little money left. No work, and no pay. God, how I hate those machines. The noise keeps ringing in my head, and when they break down, I cant earn any money, because Im not working! I wish with all my heart I could afford to stay home forever. But things are so expensive, prices go up all the time. Its all right if you own the grubby factory, but if youre like me, you can end up working yourself to death just to make ends meet. Its not fair. Those greedy fat men in their luxurious offices with their ugly wives and spoilt brats! The girls on the machines are the ones who are making all the money for them, while they just sit on their big backsides. We should have a pay rise, by rights. Now that would make history! Back to work today. My stomach kept rumbling because I couldnt afford much breakfast. Moneys tight. The other girls were saying how its the same for most of them. Most of us hadnt eaten since the day before so we were all slow to begin with. We were glad to be back for the money.  I asked Mr Birling if I could have my money early. He let me, and wasnt that surprised, probably because most of the girls asked for the same thing.  When I got home, I bought some food, paid my bills, and all the usual things. I only had eight bob left out of twenty-two and six. This has been one of the worst days of my life. Things have been getting worse. Everyone at work thinks so. We work long hours, and get so little for it. None of us can manage on such low wages. Birlings make a good profit, they can afford to pay us more. We all got together and agreed to ask for a pay rise nothing less than twenty five shillings a week. So we did. I ended up doing most of the talking. Mr. Birling wasnt having it, and told us to go and work somewhere else if we didnt like it. That man must have never opened his eyes when he walks on the streets, how can he not understand why we need the money, he cant honestly say he cant afford it and we dont deserve it. So we carried on for a while, but people were angry. We decided that the only thing for it was to go on strike. What else could we do? By the end of the day, everyone agreed. All for one and one for all! We were all in the same boat but as the days went by with no wages coming in at all it just got harder, especially for the girls with kiddies at home. After two weeks Birling locked us out and said hed replace us with new workers, or we could go back straightaway on the old wages. Well, you could understand why some of the girls wanted to go back. Their children needed food. It was humiliating. I went up to the door but Birling stood there and said Not you, Miss Smith, you must have heard me say that I would not permit the ringleaders back on the premises. I saw red, and told him exactly what I thought of him and his premises. Men like him treat people like slaves, what choice does a woman with a sick baby have but to meekly obey a tyrant like him? He threatened to have me arrested, if I didnt leave his property forthwith I left. When I got home I gathered my things, settled up, and moved out. For the time being I am living in digs until I can find another job, which wont be easy now Ive been sacked. Ive lost a lot of friends through this business, too. I havent got much money left from my job at Birlings, but hopefully it will just about see me through till I can find work again. Im so tired now. What was it all for? Good news at last! Ive managed to get a position at Milwards, the most exclusive shop in town. Now Im a Milwards Assistant. This has come just in time. I am nearly out of money, but today could be the start of a new life for me. I been working now for two days, and I am getting on well. The people seem very nice. The pay is better than the workshop; at least operators and filthy machinery do not surround me. Its so much nicer to be working in an elegant shop with all those beautiful clothes I can only dream of wearing. The customers are so grand, some of them, the aristocracy. Others are just mutton dressed up as lamb (like the Birlings!) Ive lost my job at Milwards.  A spoilt, ugly girl, related to the Birlings! She was trying on some clothes that only made her look even less attractive than she already was, my friend, who was helping her choose something suitable knew this, even her own mother knew it. But the young miss was just being stubborn and really sulky about it. When she tried on this dress that made her look absolutely ridiculous, my friend turned around and silently snorted her nose as if she was being a pig. The Birling girl must have seen me smile behind her from the mirror or something. She was so furious. Then I got fired.

Soft Systems Methodology Analysis Construction Essay

Soft Systems Methodology Analysis Construction Essay This essay investigates Soft Systems Methodology, which is a way of dealing with problem situations in which there is a high social, political and human activity component. SSM varies from other methodologies as it does not deal with the HARD problems that are more technically oriented but instead it deals with SOFT problems. Organizations are making large investments in construction projects. Many factors affect the successful achievement of projects, and to be considered successful, project objectives and specifications must be achieved on time and on budget, also projects should meet Stakeholders expectations and realize measurable benefits. But construction projects are often difficult to estimate and manage; some projects are cancelled or reduced in scope because of overruns in cost and or time, or failure to produce expected benefits. That what makes risk management for construction projects a challenging task. FIGURE 1 SOFT SYSTEM METHODOLOGY: Soft System Methodology is the brainwave of  Professor Peter Checkland. The methodology was devised as a result of consultancy work (Platt, 1995).  Hutchings (2006) explains this development as an approach which can be accessed in the situation where Hard System Methodologies are fruitless. He writes,   When confronted with complex real world problems which cannot be defined solely in the scientific terms, Checkland was forced to abandon the classic system engineering thinking which could not describe fully the situation he faces. This led to a fundamental reappraisal of the classics hard approach and the subsequent development of the Soft Methodology. Hence, SSM is classified as a generic methodology (Wilson, 1992) which should be adapted to any given situation. It deals with fuzzy problem situations situations where people are viewed not as passive objects, but as active subjects, where objectives are unclear or where multiple objectives may exist (Rosenhead, 1989). This is explained as human activity system (HAS)   a collection of activities, in which people are purposefully engaged, and the relationships between the activities (Platt, 1995).  Hence SSM is a qualitative technique that can be used for applying System Thinking to non-systematic situations. It follows its progression in seven stages as laid down by Checkland in seven stage model which  is considered by most people to be  the  SSM (Platt, 1995). The seven stages are incorporated into two parts: the real world and systems thinking, as illustrated  in Figure 2. The diagram is divided into two halves. The upper half (Stages 1, 2, 5, 6, 7) are activities th at take place in the real world that is they are based on the knowledge and experience of the participant of how things are to them (Beckford 1998) and therefore should involve people in the problem situation. The bottom half (Stages 3,4,4a,4b) are systems thinking activities which are carried out in the language of systems and may or may not involve people in the problem situation, depending on the circumstances of study  (Johnson, 1999).   FIGURE 2: LEARNING CYCLE OF SSM Effective Risk Management: Project risk management consists of two stages: Risk Assessment, and Risk Control. Risk Assessment is an iterative process; it can take place at any stage and during any time of the project lifecycle, though the sooner the better. Risk Control cannot be effective without a previous risk assessment. TYPES OF RISKS IN CONSTRUCTION: Risk in the design (Flanagan, Norman):   The design risk includes:   Errors in the drawing and design by the architects, structural engineer,   Risk of finishing the drawing in the agreed time, Risk due to number of revisions made in the drawings,  Risk due to the mistake in estimation and costing. Risk arising by the contractor:   Risk occurring due to the in experience of the contractor in doing the kind of project, Risk occurring due to the lack of coordination with the sub contractors and the suppliers which results in delay of the work, Risk due to the manpower mismanagement and also due to the issues regarding claims, disputes, Risk due to the delay in payment of bill to the contractor by the client. Risk arising by the client:   Risk due to not giving insufficient information on the clients needs to the contractor,  Risk due to delay in making important decision, Risk due to the wrong selection of procurement route to construction of the building,  Risk of delay due to changes in the architectural drawing and the design calculations,. Risk arising in the site:   Risk due to improper soil investigation in the site which results in problems like water logging, Risk due to problem with the transportation facility to the site which delays in the delivery of the materials to the site. Other miscellaneous risks: Risk in delay of the project due to the delay in the approval from the local authorities, Risk due to some political interferences,  Risk due to the problems raised by the neighbourhood property owners,  Risk due to the existence of previous building in the site. FIGURE 4: RISK IN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT The Role of Each Stake Holder Involved: The stake holders involved in the Risk management study (Lambeck, Eschemuller) are: Risk Manager:   He is the head of the risk management study. He initiates the meeting with the client and submits the risk management report to the client. The risk manager will prepare a risk management evaluation report to submit to the client. Architect:   Architect works on the design of the building based on the requirements given by the client.   He is responsible for the design and he has to make sure that the design is proper and the risk of changes in the drawing is minimal. Structural Engineer:   The structural Engineer proves the structural design of the project. He is responsible for the structural stability and the safety of the building. He can change the architect drawing if there is no structural feasibility in the design. Project Manager:   The Project Manager is the main representative from the client side who is responsible for the whole construction work. He calculates the time limit to finish the project and also looks in to the quality considerations. He coordinates the construction team and make sure that the potential of risk is minimum. Quantity Surveyor: The quantity Surveyor is a main part and works on the cost aspect of the project. He will be responsible for selecting and delivering different materials for the construction. The estimates proposed by the QS will be very competitive. Client: The client is the owner of the project. The client will be providing his requirements to the project team. There fore his satisfaction with each of the proposals is very important. Service Engineer:   The service engineer is responsible for the risk involved in the service provided in the building such as electrical, plumbing, air conditioning etc. The Information Client will need to provide to the Workshop Participants before Each Study:   The client provides the requirements he expects from the study to the stake Holders such as Architect, Structural Engineer and Quantity Surveyor etc. the information client has to provide are: The aim and the objective of the project: Quality expectations: Quality is an important factor and has to be considered for the project. All the materials used for the project should be of high quality and proper checking has to be done by the project manager. Allocated budget: The budget allotted for the project has to be clearly defined. This will help in calculating the coast control techniques. The whole life cycle cost of the project and the cost certainties also has to be evaluated. There fore a detailed risk management study has to be carried out during the pre defining stage. Time limit: The time limit to complete the project has to be finalised and should be finished in the calculated time since it adversely affect the project budget. There fore the time required for the design and the execution of the project has to be calculated. The list of machineries going to be installed in the project: It is needed to fix the electrical connection. The risk manager should be provided with the plans of future expansion if there is any. Site Details: The site consideration such as the size and shape of the site and the area in which the site is situated has to meet the project objective. Hard and Soft Systems: Hard systems thinking are goal-directed as the particular study begins with the definition of the desirable goal to be achieved. It is essentially concerned with the question of how to achieve a predetermined aim. Soft is concerned with defining the options for improvement thus addressing the what to do question. It is also committed to the examination of human activity, which is the other soft part of the equation, in hard systems thinking a goal is assumed. The overall purpose of the methods used by the analyst is to modify the system in some way so that this goal is achieved in the most efficient manner. Whereas hard systems thinking is concerned with the how of the problem, in soft systems thinking, the objectives of the systems are assumed to be more complex than a simple goal that can be achieved and measured. Every system can be said to have a set of purposes or missions rather than goals. Understanding of soft systems can be achieved through debate with the actors in the sys tems. Emphasis is placed on the what as well as the how of the system. Conclusion: To deliver successful construction projects that meet the three deliverables (budget, time, and customer satisfaction), project managers should spend time assessing and managing risk, and allocating contingency and management reserves, so that any risk that arises will be mitigated, following risk assessment and planning. Without maintaining a contingency reserve, the project manager is forced to go back for additional time or dollars for every risk as it becomes a problem. Also to attain successful projects, the project managers have to follow a soft system methodology to ensure that the project starts with a chance of achievement.   BIBLIOGRAPHY: Michael. F. Dallas (2006)-   Value and Risk Management- A guide to best practise N.J. Smith, Managing risks in construction projects Beckford, J. (1998),  Quality: A Critical Introduction,  Oxford: Routledge Hutchings, J. (2006),  A Soft System Framework for the Conservation Management of Material Cultural Heritage  in Alan, D. (2008) Managerial Problem Solving,  Newport:  University  of  WALES Johnson, A. (1999),  Using Soft Systems Methodology in the Analysis of Public Involvement in EIA Platt, A. and Warwick, S. (1995),  Review of Soft System Methodologies, Journal: Industrial Management Data Systems, Vol 95, No. 4, Page 19-21 Checkland, P. (1981),  Systems Thinking, Systems Practice, Wiley:  Chichester Reason, P. and Bradbury, H. (2001)  Handbook of Action Research: Participative Inquiry and Practice,  London: Sage  Ã‚   Rosenhead, J. (1989),  Rational Analysis of a Problematic World, Wiley:  Chichester Wilson, B. (1992),  Systems: Concepts, Methodologies and Applications, Wiley,  Chichester, Roger Flanagan, George Norman: Risk management and construction By Richard Lambeck, John Eschemuller: Urban Construction Project Management Introduction: 1 Soft System Methodology: 1 Effective Risk Management: 3 Types Of Risks In Construction: 4 The Role of Each Stake Holder Involved: 5 Hard and Soft Systems: 7 Conclusion: 8

Effective Communication Essay -- essays research papers

Running Head: Effective Communication 1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to be an effective manager in the work force today, one must have a very good understanding of the various ways in which people interact and communicate with one another. It is critical that good leaders display the ability to effectively communicate with their associates and subordinates as well as train and encourage others to demonstrate those same communication skills. By doing so, they will promote both a healthy and efficient work environment that everyone will be sure to enjoy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first challenge in effectively communicating with today’s workforce is diversity. The work force today is more diverse than ever and is rapidly becoming even more diversified as time passes. Leaders are already facing differences from many levels of society. And with every new group that enters into the workforce, there are still the cultural differences such as customs, beliefs, and expectations that are thrown into the mix as well. All of this, as well as many other issues only further complicates the task of achieving effective communication on all levels.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Perhaps the first and most obvious difference in the work environment is the difference of the sexes. Women Running Head: Effective Communication 2 possess a tendency to be more subtle or convincing rather than shouting out demands. Studies have shown that women are more likely to construct their requests in the form of suggestions or leading questions rather than be more direct (Adult Learner’s Guide, 1999). The conflict is evident if one considers the fact that males possess the complete opposite tendency. Men are often more direct and to the point. These two contrasting attributes are a fertile breeding ground for misunderstandings of all sorts. Women also do not hesitate to mix business with personal talk where men are more anxious to get to the details of the business at hand. For women this seems to be a double edged sword. On the one hand, the personal talk brings down some barriers and lets each one get to know the other so everyone is comfortable. This works in their favor in situations where they are meeting a group or individual for the first time. But on the other hand, after they become acquainted, women have trouble separating their personal feelings and allowing the... ...py and successful workplace. They must be able to convince others to set their feelings aside and deal with issues at hand and as the workforce becomes more and more diverse, this will become a larger challenge. Today’s leaders must understand that the varying methods needed to communicate are just as diverse as the environment in which they are needed. Not all techniques will apply to all people, but by listening to individuals and hearing what they are truly saying, a true leader will be able to communicate effectively with anyone on their team as well as encourage effective communication throughout their team. Only when this type of communication is obtained can a workplace truly operate without the usual shortcoming and pitfalls that trouble so many of today’s workplace environments References Adult Learner’s Guide, (2nd Edition). (1999). Adler, Ronald B. & Elmhorst, Jeanne Marquardt (1999). Communication at work: principles and practices for business and the professions, (6th Edition). St. Louis: McGraw-Hill. Pierce, Jon L. & Newstrom, John W. (1996). The manager’s bookshelf: A mosaic of contemporary views, (4th Edition). New York: HarperCollins College Publishers.

The Descriptiveness of Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay -- Literary Ana

Heart of Darkness was written by Joseph Conrad in 1902. Before it was published it appeared in a 3-part series in Blackwood’s magazine. The story tells of a detailed incident when Marlow who takes over the assignment of the captain of a ferry-boat travels into the darkness. He was employed by the Belgian Trading company. Marlow is employed to transport ivory downriver; however while doing his job, he comes across a person called Kurtz to whom he has to give the ivories after he have collected them. Kurtz is a very reputed man throughout the region and is known by everyone. The novella starts as the main character Marlow at the Thames River in the evening with several other people and starts telling the story about how he entered into the Dark Continent. The novel is a critique to the manifest destiny which is a norm believed that Europeans were chosen by god to rule over the world and make colonies all over Asia and Africa. The Europeans behaved and acted like the kings of the world. They considered Africans as objects and not people. In the novel, Africans were merely used as a backdrop where Marlow—the main character can lay out his philosophical and existential struggles. The dehumanization is harder to identify then open racism or violence. Also, Conrad, through the book hypocrites his own country and blames them for dehumanization. When it comes to analyzing the novella—symbolic interpretations, character development and language are the three main topics to discuss. The novella is written in such precision and high detail that almost every paragraph has a very significant role to play in the overall plot. The story is created to illustrate ideas and themes, rather than just a simple narrative. The ideas and themes are consta... ...ughout the Heart of Darkness. One of them starts when the unnamed reader describes the ship Nellie, himself, his fellow mates on the ship and particularly Marlow. At first, the unnamed narrator is not sure to be a character in aboard on the ship until a few paragraphs until we realise that he has been observing others—â€Å"between us there was, as I have already said†. Marlow gradually takes over the narration beginning â€Å"and this also has been one of the darkest places on earth†. Later on in the novel, Conrad has Marlow take over the entire second monologue narrative. No matter how descriptive the book is, the basic facts still remain that Kurtz was the man who jumps off the edge of insanity and plunges into the dark of insanity. Whereas, Marlow is the man who goes to the edge of insanity, looks over the edge, and had enough strength to not go over to the other side.

Emily Grierson Essay

The object of fascination in the story. An eccentric recluse, Emily is a mysterious figure who changes from a vibrant and hopeful young girl to a cloistered and secretive old woman. Devastated and alone after her father’s death, she is an object of pity for the townspeople. After a life of having potential suitors rejected by her father, she spends time after his death with a newcomer, Homer Barron, although the chances of his marrying her decrease as the years pass. Bloated and pallid in her later years, her hair turns steel gray. She ultimately poisons Homer and seals his corpse into an upstairs room. Colonel Sartoris – A former mayor of Jefferson. Colonel Sartoris absolves Emily of any tax burden after the death of her father, which later causes consternation to succeeding generations of town leaders. Tobe – Emily’s servant. Tobe, his voice supposedly rusty from lack of use, is the only lifeline Emily has to the outside world and he cares for her and tends to her needs. After her death, he walks out the back door and never returns. Judge Stevens – A mayor of Jefferson. Eighty years old, Judge Stevens attempts to delicately handle the complaints about the smell emanating from the Grierson property. To be respectful of Emily’s pride and former position in the community, he and the aldermen decide to sprinkle lime on the property in the middle of the night. Homer Barron – A foreman from the North. Homer is a large man with a dark complexion, a booming voice, and light-colored eyes. A gruff and demanding boss, he wins many admirers in Jefferson because of his gregarious nature and good sense of humor. He develops an interest in Emily and takes her for Sunday drives in a yellow-wheeled buggy. Despite his attributes, the townspeople view him as a poor, if not scandalous, choice for a mate. He disappears in Emily’s house and decomposes in an attic bedroom after she poisons him. PART 2 1. The metaphor used to describe Emily in the first paragraph was â€Å"†¦ a fallen monument†. 2. The house is given a personality in the second paragraph in this way, â€Å"lifting its stubborn and coquettish decay†¦ â€Å". 3. Colonel Sartoris had the idea of and helped abate the taxes on the Grierson property. 4. Mailed her the tax papers. 5. Small, fat woman; short, spare skeleton, bloated and pallid; eyes like lumps of coal in dough of her face. 6. 32 years. 7. A bad smell; He explained that the smell was the result of a dead snake or rat that the servant had killed. 8. She told the ladies who called on her that he was not dead†¦ for three days. 9. Homer Barron , he runned a construction company. 10. Miss Emily Grierson’s neighbors in Jefferson were mystified with her sudden coupling with newcomer Homer Barron. They can’t believe Emily would be interested in a common â€Å"Yankee†. 11. â€Å"We learned that Miss Emily had been to the jeweler’s and ordered a man’s toilet set in silver, with the letters H. B. on each piece. Two days later we learned that she had bought a complete outfit of men’s clothing, including a nightshirt, and we said, â€Å"They are married. † We were really glad. We were glad because the two female cousins were even more Grierson than Miss Emily had ever been. † 12. He was let into Emily’s kitchen door at dusk one evening. 13. They spinkled lime because of a foul smell emanating from the house. 14. They find Homer’s corpse on the bed and they realize that the space next to him has been used, and they find one of Emily’s gray hairs on the pillow. 15. Homer Baron was murdered and on the other pillow was some grey hair from Miss Emily.

Positive and Negative Effects of Having Boyfriend/Girlfriend

â€Å"Determination for Nature† It was 3:00 am, June 30, 2012. This day is Pista Y ang Cagueban, where all citizens of Puerto Princesa were ask to participate in planting a tree. It’s still dark that time but through the help of lights around the city Coliseum we are able to saw our group. Everyone was excited for the trucks to came, but the happiness was replaced by irritation of waiting the right truck for us. It was 6:30 am but the truck is not arriving yet. Others use their time talking to each other while the others keep silent.Different ways to enjoy that moment. Of course together with our ever supportive teacher Ma’am Meorom who guide us what to do. And the thing we have been waiting for finally came so we leave. But going to Irawan is not really easy, through our way riding that truck, we feel tension because every time the truck is turning it makes an impact to us which is a dangerous one. But with the determination we did it, but we have to walk severa l miles to reach the venue, as we our footwear’s don’t look as it is before our footwear’s looks messy that time.But we enjoy walking because we knew that we are doing this for our mother earth. Going there requires patience and determination without it we are not able to do it. Then you will realize that all the effort you had put will be replaced by the feeling you have if you reached that place. The trees are tall, the air is fresh, and everything there was perfect. Together with my classmates we did it successfully and it is our turn to do something to our nature. Some students plants mahogany and others plant bamboo.After we finished planting we use that moment for taking pictures together. I’m so happy that day because even though that place is difficult to go through many peoples did it, so it means there are still people who are concerned with nature. As we walk through our way home, I had remembered a person said â€Å"You can do things possible if you will exert determination on it†. By:Deocelle BSED I-A

Socially Responsible Companies in Europe Research Paper - 1

Socially Responsible Companies in Europe - Research Paper Example The paper tells that many companies in various continents treat corporate social responsibility as a key aspect of their company survival technique. It has evolved from being a value-added concept of management to on being among the key concepts. This is because consumers evaluate theirs produces depending on how friendly they are to the environment and their conformance to most of the international laws that business ethics demand be met. Many European companies are among the leading socially responsible companies in the present society. This is true because Europe gets ranked as one of the greatest markets in the world. For this reason, the companies that operate in this zone must be willing to impress their consumers. The FTSE index provides the best tool in monitoring corporate socially responsible companies, in Europe, and the remaining parts of the world. The reshuffle of leading global responsible investment index series provides information on the companies that have adhered to environmental and social laws in the internal business arena. Companies get to fluctuate from one position to another because social laws change daily, and an organization will not be able to conform to each and every that is passed. In addition, not all corporate laws are universal. One of the most common companies that are socially responsible in Europe is Microsoft Europe. This is a company that was invented by Bill Gates and Paul Allen way back in 1975 and has since with co-operation with other companies revolutionized the software computing industry. As a software company, Microsoft does not face common responsibility in terms of social and environmental laws like other production companies. This is because it does not pollute the environment or utilize much of its resources. Despite this, social responsibility has been key to the company because it has since been expanding into different countries that harbor different social values. Microsoft has also been aware of the sec urity issue their customers get to face on the internet, hence introducing free protective softwares such as windows defender. They have also included a vast number of language packs for their software users, hence allowing their products to be used by almost everybody in the world.

Juvenile Probation Programs, Institutions, and Aftercare Programs Assignment

Juvenile Probation Programs, Institutions, and Aftercare Programs - Assignment Example Over the past few years, numerous juvenile programs have been implemented in many parts of the country with the major aim of coming up with programs that reduce recidivism, impart useful crime-avoidance knowledge and ensure that youthful offenders make a turn for the better after their initial interaction with the system. Introduction This paper looks at a couple of these juvenile programs in depth. Specifically aimed at providing teen offenders with an opportunity to not only change their lives after the completion of their initial custodial or other sentence but also equips them with the ability to ensure that they do not again end up in correctional facilities as adults. These programs have been set up in different ways depending on the types and frequency of crimes that the youths in the particular location are prone to but have applicability in wider settings and can be adapted for use in other areas with minimal changes to ensure successful implementation. The suitability of th ese programs in new locations and whether or not they are going to fail or succeed depends a great deal in utilizing the lessons learned in the initial implementations and using these to adequately tailor responses that more immediately suit local requirements. 1. The first program is the Community Restitution and Apprenticeship Focused Training (Project CRAFT). Since 1994, Project CRAFT has served more than 2,000 high-risk youth at 15 sites in ten states (Colorado, Florida, Maryland, Mississippi, New Jersey, North Dakota, Ohio, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Texas). Project CRAFT currently operates at nine sites in four states, including Florida, Tennessee, New Jersey, and Mississippi. The program is designed to offer treatment, prerelease and aftercare services for juvenile offenders between the ages of 16 and 21. The project can be implemented as either a residential Juvenile correctional program or as a community based one for post-correctional facility aftercare or for youth un der daycare treatment supervision. CRAFT involves ten different components including outreach and recruitment which orients program partners – parents, participants and offender advocates as well as community meetings. Assessment and screening also include prospective employers of youth who then pursue the youth progress through training programs and trade-related academics. Youth that require substance abuse treatment are also enrolled in these programs as required. Finally the program has a community transition and follow-up component which includes job placement, job development as well as other aftercare services (NCWD/Youth, 2013). The other program is the Tampa, Florida headquartered AMIkids program which operates 50 sites across several states – Florida, New Mexico, Texas, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Georgia and Louisiana. This day attendance and residential program comprises academics, treatment, experiential education and behavior modification. T he AMIKids program has eight components: education grade improvements challenge and team building experiences, cognitive-behavioral therapy, a strong strength-based case management, positive behavior modification, home and family partnership, individual and group problem-solving and social skills development, and community service. The AMIKids program approach is based on evidence-based theoretical perspectives and treatment interventions found in empirical